The invention relates to a water-lubrication oil-free medium pressure two-stage-compression single-screw-rod air compressor. The air compressor comprises an electric motor, a first-stage single-screw-rod compression main machine, a second-stage single-screw-rod compression main machine, an air filter, a first-stage water and gas separator, a second-stage water and gas separator, a first-stage gas cooler, a second-stage gas cooler and an electrical control box; the first-stage single-screw-rod compression main machine and the second-stage single-screw-rod compression main machine are in transmission connection with the electric motor, and the air filter is connected with a gas inlet of the first-stage single-screw-rod compression main body; and the first-stage gas cooler is connected with the first-stage water and gas separator, the second-stage gas cooler is connected with the second-stage water and gas separator, and the electrical control box is electrically connected with the electric motor. Compared with the prior art, the water-lubrication oil-free medium pressure two-stage-compression single-screw-rod air compressor has the beneficial effects that the whole structure is simple and compact, complex pipelines and valves do not need to be additionally arranged, water lubrication is adopted, resistance losses are small, running reliability is good, volume efficiency is high, oil is avoided, zero emissions are achieved, no environmental pollution exists, running is carried out at the normal temperature, and the air compressor is environment-friendly, energy-saving and low in maintaining cost and has the very good application prospect.