The invention relates to a method for determining a relationship between defects and fatigue performance based on nondestructive testing. According to the method, through the steps of nondestructive testing accurate positioning, high-cycle fatigue performance testing, fracture analysis, defect characteristic statistics and the like of defects in the material, the relationship between the characteristics such as the types, sizes, positions and distribution of the defects and the fatigue performance is determined, and the direct data support is provided for the acceptance standard of nondestructive testing of existing materials and new material products. According to the method, the defects are accurately positioned by adopting various nondestructive testing methods, and then subsequent fatigue performance testing and analysis are carried out, so the designability of defect characteristics is realized, the randomness of results is avoided, the number of fatigue performance tests is reduced, and the time and economic costs are reduced. According to the method provided by the invention, comprehensive quantitative analysis can be carried out on multiple parameters such as defect sizes,positions, types and distribution, and compared with a traditional method which can only carry out qualitative analysis on a single parameter, the obtained information is richer and more comprehensive, and the practicability is higher.