The invention discloses an efficient multi-system adaptive capturing and tracking device for a satellite receiver. The device comprises a coarse capturing module, a fine capturing module and a carrier, code and data tracking module; an antenna at the receiving end receives a signal, the signal is subjected to down-conversion and then enters a baseband processing part, and at the moment, the coarsecapturing module is used for executing a coarse capture process S11; the fine capturing module is used for executing a fine capturing process S12; and the carrier, code and data tracking module is used for executing a carrier, code and data tracking process S2 and the like. The device is high in compatibility, the same set of capturing and tracking system is suitable for various communication systems, seamless switching can be achieved among various coexisting communication mechanisms, and the communication real-time performance is higher; the size, the weight and the size are lower, the device is suitable for miniaturized and light satellite-borne application, the capture time is short, the tracking efficiency is high, and the frequency tracking error is small.