The invention discloses a satellite resource dynamic scheduling method based on solution set construction and pheromone deposition. The method comprises the following steps of taking satellite resources, channel resources and time slot resources as scheduling objects, and taking conditions such as a time window, satellite energy consumption, the number of channels, the priority of ground users andcommunication burstiness as constraints; establishing a system resource scheduling model and a low-orbit satellite resource scheduling model; judging whether the task set is an empty set or not, if so, ending task scheduling, and outputting an optimal resource scheduling result; otherwise, randomly selecting one task in the task set, judging whether a low-orbit satellite exists in the visual range or not, and if so, selecting one low-orbit satellite in the visual range for resource scheduling; otherwise, task transmission fails. The resource scheduling model provided by the invention is moresuitable for low-orbit satellite resource scheduling under a large-scale dense networking condition, and has the characteristics of simple control, strong compatibility, low hardware requirement, easiness in programming realization and the like.