The disclosure provides methods to assemble genomes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic organisms. The disclosure provides methods for
haplotype phasing and meta-
genomics assemblies. The disclosure provides a streamlined method for accomplishing these tasks, such that intermediates need not be labeled by an
affinity label to facilitate binding to a
solid surface. The disclosure also provides methods and compositions for the de novo generation of
scaffold information, linkage information, and
genome information for unknown organisms in heterogeneous metagenomic samples or samples obtained from multiple individuals. Practice of the methods can allow
de novo sequencing of entire genomes of uncultured or unidentified organisms in heterogeneous samples, or the determination of linkage information for
nucleic acid molecules in samples comprising nucleic acids obtained from multiple individuals.