Belonging to the field of inorganic luminescent materials, the invention discloses an oxysulfide elastic mechanoluminescence material and a preparation method thereof. The chemical expression generalformula of the oxysulfide elastic mechanoluminescence material is Sr1-xZn2-yS2O:Ax,By, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2, x and y represent molar percentage content, and x and y are not zero at the same time; A is at least one of the rare earth ions Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and thelike; and B is at least one of transition metal ions Mn and Cu. The preparation method includes: weighing the raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio of the metal elements, performing grinding in an agate bowl, mixing the substances uniformly, putting the mixed powder into an alumina crucible, performing heating to 800-1200DEG C in a protective atmosphere or in vacuum, conducting heatpreservation for 10-48h, and conducting furnace cooling naturally to room temperature; and grinding the cooled powder to obtain the oxysulfide elastic mechanoluminescence material.