61 results about "Mechanoluminescence" patented technology

The invention discloses a high-brightness piezoelectric mechanical luminescent material with the chemical formula of LiNbO3: 0.01 Pr, xZn and a preparation method and application thereof, x is larger than 0 and smaller than or equal to 0.02, the preparation process is simple, and the prepared material has the mechanical luminescent characteristics of high brightness, long-term storage and repeatability, can be used as a mechanical luminescent material as a stress distribution visualization material, and can be applied to the field of light emitting devices. Or the optical anti-counterfeiting function can be realized as an anti-tamper label.

The invention discloses a wing skin health state detection method based on a mechanoluminescent material. The method comprises the following steps: A) obtaining a stress-health state curve graph of a wing skin material; b) matching a persistent mechanoluminescence material suitable for detecting the health state of the wing skin material; c) obtaining a stress-wavelength curve graph of the mechanoluminescent material; d) uniformly coating the continuous mechanoluminescence material on the surface of the wing skin by adopting a spraying process; e) when the wing skin is subjected to stress excitation, shooting the light-emitting change of the wing skin in real time; and F) the airborne computer analyzes the health state of the wing skin according to the light-emitting images at different time points and the corresponding relation between the light-emitting color of the persistent mechanoluminescent material and the stress. By means of the method, the health state of the wing skin in the flight process can be monitored in real time, potential damage such as overlarge stress areas and cracks can be found in time, reliable guarantee is provided for safe flight of an airplane, the detection accuracy and real-time performance are effectively improved, and the detection cost is reduced.

The invention provides near-infrared adjustable double-perovskite type mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder as well as a preparation method and application of the near-infrared adjustable double-perovskite type mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder. The expression general formula of the double perovskite type mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder is Sr2M1-xSbO6: xCr < 3 + >, wherein M is Al, Ga, Sc, In or Y; x is equal to 1%-7%. The preparation process of the fluorescent powder comprises the following steps: a, weighing strontium carbonate, an oxide of M, antimony pentoxide and chromium sesquioxide according to the element proportion in the chemical general formula Sr2M1-xSbO6: xCr < 3 + >; b, mixing the weighed raw materials, and uniformly grinding to obtain a mixture; and c, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the obtained mixture to obtain the near-infrared adjustable double perovskite type mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder. By regulating and controlling the components of the substrate, the emission main peak can be adjusted from 780nm to 946nm. The fluorescent powder provided by the invention can show a self-recovery near-infrared stress luminescence characteristic without pre-irradiation under continuous stress stimulation, is simple to prepare and convenient for industrial batch production, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention provides a tungstate-based flexible composite material with a multimode dynamic color change characteristic, which comprises an optical function material and a carrier material, the optical function material is tungstate-based fluorescent powder, and the tungstate-based fluorescent powder comprises Li (1-x) YW2O8: xEu (0% lt; xlt; 10%). According to the tungstate-based flexible composite material with the multimode dynamic color changing characteristic and the preparation method of the tungstate-based flexible composite material, a force-induced and light-induced multimode dynamic light-emitting composite material is prepared by mixing a polydimethylsiloxane solution A and a polydimethylsiloxane solution B in proportion and adding a certain amount of fluorescent powder LiYW2O8: Eu < 3 + >, and the tungstate-based flexible composite material with the multimode dynamic color changing characteristic can be obtained only through simple temperature change. According to the present invention, the change of the light emitting characteristic can be observed according to the temperature of the tungstate fluorescent powder, such as the hand temperature or the environment temperature, such that the temperature change photoluminescence material of the dynamic mechanoluminescence tungstate-based fluorescent powder has characteristics of large temperature change range, good stability, high light emitting efficiency and no environmental pollution, and most importantly, the mechanoluminescence does not need energy charging, and has the self-recovery effect.

The invention provides self-recovery chromium ion doped oxide mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical general formula of the self-recovery mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder is Al2 (1-x) O3: 2xCr < 3 + >, wherein x is equal to 0.3%-5%. The preparation method of the self-recovery mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder comprises the following steps: a, respectively weighing aluminum oxide and chromium oxide according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical general formula Al2 (1-x) O3: 2xCr < 3 + >; b, grinding and uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and firing in air at the temperature of 1300 DEG C for 6 hours; and c, taking out the fired sample, and uniformly grinding to obtain the chromium ion doped oxide mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder. According to the chromium ion doped oxide mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder disclosed by the invention, a measured emission band main peak is located at 694 nm and is located at a biological first window (600-900 nm), and the chromium ion doped oxide mechanoluminescence fluorescent powder is expected to be used as a near-infrared mechanoluminescence biological probe; and the fluorescent powder has the advantages of no need of pre-irradiation and instant self-recovery of luminescence.

The invention discloses a Tb < 3 + > activated niobate green stress luminescent material, and relates to the technical field of luminescent materials. The expression general formula of the mechanical luminescent material is (Ca2-xSrx) Nb2O7: yTb, x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.09; a high-temperature solid-phase method is adopted, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: 1) burdening; 2) grinding and drying; 3) sintering; and 4) grinding. The stress luminescent material provided by the invention has unique green stress luminescence after being radiated at 254 nm for 3 minutes, the spectral range of niobate stress luminescence is successfully expanded to a green area, the key problem that the existing niobate stress luminescent material has single luminescence color is solved, and the application potential of the material is remarkably improved; and the material shows excellent continuous luminescence performance, can continuously emit light for more than 5 minutes after an excitation light source is turned off, and has very wide application value in the fields of visual stress sensing, anti-counterfeiting encryption and the like.

The utility model discloses a self-adaptive force stabilizing device for characterizing a mechanoluminescence cycle process, and belongs to the technical field of material testing. According to the device, collaborative operation is achieved through a reciprocating testing mechanism and a force loading mechanism which are in linkage design; the reciprocating testing mechanism drives a lead screw transmission assembly through a servo motor to drive a single-axis moving platform, a pressure digital display and a material to achieve reciprocating friction in the y-axis direction; the force loading mechanism pulls a sliding platform to slide on a sliding rail through a spring, a round-bottom quartz tube is arranged at the end of the force loading mechanism and is in point contact with a sample of a pressure digital display accessory, and when the sample is slightly abraded to cause position change, the spring dynamically compensates pressure loss to ensure that force loading in the x-axis direction is constant. An optical fiber is integrated in the round-bottom quartz tube to synchronously collect mechanoluminescence signals. The device solves the problem of force attenuation in the existing cycle test, and is beneficial to systematic research on the cycle characteristics of the mechanoluminescent material.

The application provides a one-dimensional heterojunction mechanoluminescence material, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of preparation of the mechanoluminescence material. 2+ A ZnO / ZnS:Mn heterojunction structure with clear interfaces and built-in electric fields is constructed in the material 2+ . The material prepared by the above method can be driven by the piezoelectric effect and the built-in electric field of the heterojunction under mechanical stress, so that carrier separation and radiation recombination are efficiently driven, and thus the mechanoluminescence is enhanced. After the above material is coupled with a photosensitizer, the photosensitizer can be directly activated by the light generated by daily mechanical stimulation such as tooth brushing, so that the "mechanical-light-chemical" tooth whitening without external power supply is realized.

The invention provides an intelligent mechanical response luminescent heterojunction material and a preparation method and application thereof, the chemical expression is x ZnS-(1-x) CaZnSO: 1% Mn < 2 + >, 0 < = x < = 1; the preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: (1) mixing ZnS, CaCO3 and MnCO3 according to a molar ratio of (1: 0)-(1: 1), and then adding MnCO3 accounting for 1% of the mass of the mixed powder; adding ethanol, grinding, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder; (2) putting the mixed powder into a raw material reaction bottle, then putting the raw material reaction bottle into a reactor, and preparing a heat-insulating brick group to obtain a reaction device equipped with the mixed powder; and (3) preparing a microwave reaction furnace provided with a turntable capable of controlling rotation, placing the reaction device in the microwave reaction furnace for a synthetic reaction, and cooling after the reaction is finished to obtain the intelligent mechanical response luminescent heterojunction material. The material disclosed by the invention is obvious in mechanical luminescence phenomenon and high in luminescence efficiency, can directly generate the mechanical luminescence phenomenon through external force application, and can be applied to preparation of a mechanical force responsive film.

This invention belongs to the field of inorganic solid-state luminescent materials technology, and discloses a green mechanoluminescent composite elastic material and its preparation method, comprising an elastic matrix and a green mechanoluminescent phosphor dispersed in the elastic matrix, wherein the chemical formula of the green mechanoluminescent phosphor is Ba. 0.79 Al 10.9‑x O 17.14 :xMn 2+ (0 < x ≤ 0.35). This green mechanoluminescent composite elastomer still exhibits bright green mechanoluminescence after more than 15,000 tensile cycles. By writing characters on the composite elastomer and mapping the luminescence intensity to different colors, the color changes caused by different stress magnitudes can be clearly observed. This indicates that the prepared mechanoluminescent composite elastomer has great potential in applications such as electronic signatures, anti-counterfeiting, and structural health monitoring.

The invention discloses a mechanoluminescence efficiency testing device and method, and the device comprises a mechanoluminescence film which is disposed on a photoelectric detector; the stress load applying device is used for applying a load to the mechanoluminescence film, so that the mechanoluminescence film is deformed and an optical signal is generated at a deformation position; the photoelectric detector is used for collecting optical signals generated by the mechanoluminescence film to obtain a series of optical image signals within stress action time; the shading film is used for shading the area outside the mechanoluminescence film on the photoelectric detector and reducing the influence of ambient light on the experiment; and the image processing equipment is used for converting the image signal obtained by the photoelectric detector into photon energy. The mechanoluminescence efficiency testing device and method provided by the invention are convenient, reliable and universal, fill the blank in the field of mechanoluminescence efficiency testing, and are suitable for further popularization and application.

The invention discloses a multi-rare earth activated mechanical luminescent material based on a Li (Nb, M) O3 solid solution as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of luminescent materials. The chemical formula of the material is Li (Nb0. 7M0. 3) O3: xRe < 0.01 > Zn, wherein M is Ta or Sb, Re is Sm, Dy or Eu, and x is larger than or equal to 0.005 and smaller than 0.01. The multi-rare earth activated mechanical luminescent material is prepared from raw materials Li2CO3, Nb2O5, ZnO, M2O5 and rare earth oxide through drying, grinding, pre-sintering, secondary grinding and sieving. The material breaks through the activation limitation of single Pr < 3 + >, realizes multi-color adjustable luminescence from yellow light, orange red light to red light, is controllable in trap structure and energy band, is good in mechanical luminescence repeatability, and can recover the initial intensity after being excited by ultraviolet light. The material can be compounded with epoxy resin to form a mechanical luminescent composite material which is suitable for a stress distribution visualization device, an intelligent optical anti-counterfeiting device and a stress sensing device.

The invention discloses a self-powered flexible mechanical-optical-electronic coupling sensing system and a preparation method and application thereof, the sensing system comprises a mechanical light-emitting unit and an organic photoelectric detection unit, and the organic photoelectric detection unit and the mechanical light-emitting unit form space alignment; the mechanical light-emitting unit is formed by dispersing ZnS: Cu fluorescent powder in a PDMS matrix, and the mechanical light-emitting unit can respond to mechanical strain to emit a 520 nm optical signal; the organic photoelectric detection unit comprises a substrate layer, an ITO conductive layer, a hole transport layer, an active layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the spectral response coverage range of the organic photoelectric detection unit is 300-1000 nm. The sensing system provided by the invention can realize self power supply, is free from sight line dependence and ambient light interference, has the characteristics of small size and high reliability, and can be deployed on a complex geometric surface to output electric signals in real time.

The invention discloses a mechanoluminescence efficiency testing device and method based on an integrating sphere, and the device comprises a standard light source which is used for generating a standard light signal; the integrating sphere is used for collecting optical signals generated by the standard light source and the test sample; the test sample is an elastic film with mechanoluminescence performance, and mechanoluminescence is realized through stretching; the optical fiber spectrometer is used for converting an optical signal output from the integrating sphere into a digital signal; the mechanical load applying device is used for applying tensile acting force to the test sample, so that the test sample is deformed to generate photon emission; in the first working state, the standard light source is arranged in front of the integrating sphere; in the second working state, the standard light source is removed, the test sample is tightly attached right in front of the light inlet hole of the integrating sphere, and the mechanical load applying device is used for applying tensile acting force to the test sample. The mechanoluminescence efficiency testing device and the mechanoluminescence efficiency testing method provided by the invention have universality, and are applicable to different mechanoluminescence materials with stretchability.

The invention provides a flexible light-emitting film and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of light-emitting materials. According to the light-emitting film, PDMS is used as a substrate, transparent (ECMP) 2MnBr4 crystals are used as a light-emitting material, and the light-emitting film has good flexibility and visibility. The (ECMP) 2MnBr4 crystal triggers mechanoluminescence through hydrogen bond fracture and defect auxiliary charge transfer under mechanical stress, so that the mechanoluminescence performance of the luminescent film is stable and recoverable. In the tensile range of 20-100%, the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity is linearly increased along with tensile strain, and the luminescent property is sensitive. The flexible light-emitting film prepared by the invention is green and simple in preparation process, the raw materials are non-toxic, and the flexible light-emitting material is quick in fluorescence response to mechanical stimulation and high in sensitivity, and has a good application prospect in the field of disaster early warning (collapse and crack propagation).

The invention discloses a piezoelectric type mechanoluminescence self-energized optical fiber pressure sensor and a preparation method thereof. The sensor comprises a coupling optical fiber, a sensing layer and a pressure-resistant protection layer, the coupling optical fiber comprises a fiber core and a cladding and is used for guiding a fluorescence signal, the cladding wraps the fiber core, and the fiber core is made of a hard polymer; one end of the coupling optical fiber is of a conical structure; the sensing layer wraps the outer side of the conical structure of the coupling optical fiber, the sensing layer comprises a piezoelectric type mechanoluminescent material and a piezoelectric type polymer, and the piezoelectric type mechanoluminescent material is dispersed in the piezoelectric type polymer; and the pressure-resistant protective layer wraps the outer layer of the sensing layer and is a hard polymer. The optical fiber sensor prepared by compounding the piezoelectric mechanoluminescent material and the piezoelectric polymer realizes self-energized sensing, can stably operate under a large pressure detection condition, realizes an in-situ real-time pressure sensing function, and has important application value in the fields of scientific research, industrial production, building safety and the like.

The invention provides a co-doped mechanoluminescent material and a preparation method thereof, and a force-sensitive response household component and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of mechanoluminescent materials. The chemical formula of the co-doped mechanoluminescent material provided by the invention is Ca < 1-x > Li < x > Zn < 0.98-x > Mn < 0.02 > Nb < x > OS, wherein x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1. According to the co-doped mechanoluminescence material disclosed by the invention, the Li element and the Nb element are introduced into the CaZn0. 98Mn0. 02OS mechanoluminescence material, so that the co-doped mechanoluminescence material with excellent mechanoluminescence performance is formed. Compared with most existing mechanoluminescence materials, the mechanoluminescence intensity of the co-doped mechanoluminescence material is remarkably improved, and the mechanoluminescence threshold value is relatively low. Especially when the doping concentration of Li and Nb is 0.05, compared with non-co-doping, when the external force is applied to be 0.2 N, the improvement multiple can reach 34.6 times.

The invention provides a method for calculating and predicting the self-recovery mechanoluminescence performance of a material based on a first principle. According to the method for calculating and predicting the self-recovery mechanoluminescence performance of the material based on the first principle, a luminescent material and an elastomer material monomer (such as PDMS) serve as objects, an interface model of the luminescent material and the elastomer material monomer (such as PDMS) is firstly constructed, charge density calculation is completed with the help of first principle calculation tools such as CP2K and VASP, then difference operation is conducted on charge density distribution, a difference charge density map is generated, and the self-recovery mechanoluminescence performance of the material is predicted. Then three-dimensional visual analysis is carried out through visual analysis tools such as VESTA and VMD, a result is obtained, and finally a target material meeting a preset screening condition is obtained through result evaluation. According to the method for calculating and predicting the self-restoring force luminescence performance of the material based on the first principle, efficient prediction of the self-restoring force luminescence performance of the material is achieved by combining first principle calculation and visual analysis, and the method has the advantages that complex experimental operation is not needed, the material screening period is greatly shortened, the prediction result is high in accuracy and the like; and an important theoretical support is provided for design and development of the self-recovery mechanoluminescent material.

The application provides a rod crystal type mechanoluminescence powder and a mechanoluminescence elastic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of mechanoluminescence materials. 0.6 Sr 0.4 Al2Si2O8:xEu 2+ (0.005<=x<=0.025) stoichiometric ratio, CaCO3, SrCO3, HNTs and Eu2O3 are weighed and mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is sequentially subjected to pre-burning, first grinding, sintering and second grinding to obtain the mechanoluminescence powder. 0.6 Sr 0.4 Al2Si2O8:Eu 2+ The application uses HNTs with a nanotube structure as an Al / Si matrix to prepare Ca The confined effect of the HNTs structure and the increase of oxygen vacancies in the material preparation process are used to improve the photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence performance of the mechanoluminescence powder.

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical luminescent materials, discloses an efficient mechanical luminescent flexible composite material based on HNTs regulation and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the luminescent intensity of a mechanical luminescent material in the prior art cannot meet requirements. HNTs are modified by using a silane coupling agent, and SCA-HNTs powder is obtained; znS: Cu and SCA-HNTs powder are dispersed in an ethanol solution, low-temperature drying is performed to obtain ZnS: Cu-HNTs luminescent powder, the luminescent powder and a prepolymer are mixed, vacuum treatment, degassing and curing are performed to obtain the efficient mechanical luminescent flexible composite material, and the mechanical luminescent property of ZnS: Cu in an organic polymer elastic matrix can be improved. The luminous intensity and stability are improved, and the application prospect in the fields of anti-counterfeiting and artificial intelligence sensing is widened. And the elastic modulus of the flexible composite material is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanoluminescence materials and devices, and particularly relates to a composite material with a double-layer arch structure for enhancing mechanoluminescence response and a preparation method of the composite material. The composite material is of a double-layer arch-shaped structure composed of a supporting layer and a light-emitting layer. The support layer is prepared from the following raw materials: PDMS, a curing agent and SiO2; the luminescent layer is prepared from PDMS, a curing agent and a ZnS: Cu mechanoluminescent material. According to the material, normal pressure is efficiently converted into multidirectional tangential force coupling action through a unique geometric mechanics conversion mechanism, and the force-light conversion efficiency is further optimized in combination with the porous structure design, so that the sensing ability of the ZnS: Cu luminescent material to normal force is remarkably improved. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the mechanoluminescent material.

The invention relates to a hierarchical interface engineering driven mechanoluminescent film and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the steps: forming a microstructure female die on a temporary substrate, the microstructure female die having a plurality of micron-sized microstructures arranged in an array form; arranging a mechanoluminescence composite material on the upper surfaces and gaps of the plurality of microstructures through pouring, spin coating or blade coating, and curing; and removing the temporary substrate and the microstructure female mold to obtain the mechanoluminescent film, the mechanoluminescent film comprises a base layer and a microstructure layer located on the base layer, and the microstructure layer is provided with a plurality of micron structures arranged in an array. The hierarchical mechanoluminescence film can improve the brightness, and the film is subjected to patterning coding, so that a high-resolution pixel-level pattern can be achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanoluminescence flexible robots, in particular to a mechanoluminescence flexible robot and application thereof. The invention provides a mechanoluminescence flexible robot. The mechanoluminescence flexible robot comprises a flexible constraint material and functional body particles arranged in the flexible constraint material, the functional body particle is of a core-shell structure, and the core-shell structure takes a supporting material as a core and takes a mechanoluminescent material layer as a shell. The mechanoluminescence flexible robot can be recycled, the shape and size of the mechanoluminescence flexible robot can be adaptively adjusted, and the anti-pressure ability is high.

The invention relates to mechanoluminescent elastic composites and methods of making the same. The preparation method of the mechanoluminescent elastic composite material comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials of the mechanoluminescent elastic composite material, and then performing first curing to obtain the mechanoluminescent elastic composite material; the mechanoluminescence elastic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials: a flexible matrix precursor and luminescent particles, wherein the flexible matrix precursor is cured to form a flexible matrix of the mechanoluminescence elastic composite material; the tensile elastic modulus of the composite material test sample is A, the tensile elastic modulus of the flexible matrix test sample is B, and A and B meet the condition that (A-B) / B is larger than or equal to 25%; the difference value between the Zeta potential of the flexible matrix test sample and the Zeta potential of the light-emitting particles is greater than or equal to 10mV. According to the mechanoluminescence elastic composite material prepared through the method, the surface of the flexible substrate and the surfaces of the light-emitting particles have high interface acting force, and the light-emitting intensity of the mechanoluminescence elastic composite material is improved.

To provide a sheet for enhancing mechanoluminescence intensity, a method for enhancing mechanoluminescence intensity, and a method for measuring mechanoluminescence intensity, which are capable of providing a luminescence intensity comparable to that of an object made of an aluminum-based material, even for an object made of an iron-based material.SOLUTION: A sheet for enhancing mechanoluminescence intensity, comprising an aluminum-containing layer and a mechanoluminescent layer, the mechanoluminescent layer including a coating of a composition containing a mechanoluminescent material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application discloses a high-brightness piezoelectric mechanical luminescent material with a chemical formula of LiNbO3:0.01Pr,xZn and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein 0

The present invention belongs to the technical field of solid luminescent materials, and particularly relates to a green light mechanoluminescent material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The present invention provides a green light mechanoluminescent material with the chemical formula Ca5Ga 6‑X Al X O 14 :Tb 3+ , where X = 0 to 1.6 and X is not 0. In the present invention, Al is doped into the Ca5Ga6O 14 :Tb 3+ material, and the obtained green light mechanoluminescent material has abundant traps. The high trap concentration and deep traps enable the material to be charged, store electrons, and generate mechanoluminescence under natural light. The green light mechanoluminescent material of the present invention does not require pre-irradiation, has a high mechanoluminescence intensity, high sensitivity, and a long mechanoluminescence time and good stability under non-charging conditions.

The invention discloses a mechanoluminescence optical fiber and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of rare earth. The mechanoluminescence optical fiber comprises a polydimethylsiloxane condensate, and core fluorescent powder, Al2O3 nanoparticles and long afterglow fluorescent powder which are uniformly distributed in the polydimethylsiloxane condensate, the core fluorescent powder is ZnS fluorescent powder doped with Cu < 2 + >; and the long-afterglow fluorescent powder is SrAl2O4 fluorescent powder doped with Eu < 2 + > and Dy < 2 + >. According to the mechanoluminescence optical fiber disclosed by the invention, through the synergistic effect of the added specific long-afterglow fluorescent powder and the core fluorescent powder, the mechanoluminescence optical fiber has excellent luminous intensity and long-afterglow performance.

This disclosure provides a detection strip for detecting whether a test part of an object is deformed. The detection strip includes a strip body and a mechanoluminescent element. The strip body is used to connect with the object to be tested, and the mechanoluminescent element is connected to the first surface of the strip body. The mechanoluminescent element emits light under pressure. When the strip body is connected with the object to be tested, the first surface of the strip body faces the object to be tested, and the mechanoluminescent element is in contact with the test part. When the test part is deformed, the mechanoluminescent element can sense the pressure change caused by the deformation and emit light. Thus, the detection strip can effectively detect whether the test part of the object is deformed. The detection strip has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and real-time continuous monitoring.