37 results about "Perpendicular magnetic field" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless charging, in particular to an underwater magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission voltage stabilization control system and method, and the system comprises a transmitting end which comprises a power supply, an inverter circuit, a transmitting end compensation network and an array type orthogonal magnetic coupling device, and the array type orthogonal magnetic coupling device comprises four DD type coils, the DD type coils are alternately wound to generate a horizontal magnetic field and a vertical magnetic field; the receiving end comprises a biorthogonal coil, a receiving end compensation network, a rectification filtering module and a converter; the biorthogonal coil receives energy of the horizontal magnetic field and the vertical magnetic field; the linear active disturbance rejection control module comprises an extended state observer and a linear feedback control rate, the extended state observer is used for estimating the total disturbance of the system in real time and performing feed-forward compensation, and the linear feedback control rate realizes voltage stabilization by adjusting the duty ratio of the converter. The system adapts to a deep sea complex environment, and the cruising ability of the AUV is improved.

The invention relates to a vertical magnetic field interference resistant inductor, an electric power meter and a manufacturing method thereof, the vertical magnetic field interference resistant inductor comprises a Rogowski coil and an annular vertical magnetic field counteracting coil located in the Rogowski coil, the Rogowski coil comprises an even number of self-adhesion hollow coils which are connected in series end to end, the wire diameter, the number of turns, the number of layers, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each hollow coil are consistent, and the vertical magnetic field counteracting coil is located in the Rogowski coil. The Rogowski coils are arranged in the same horizontal plane and are symmetrically distributed on the same horizontal plane with a circle as the center, hole parts of the hollow coils jointly form an annular channel, the inning area of the vertical magnetic field offset coil is equal to the inning area defined by the Rogowski coils, and a pre-positioning support is arranged in the annular channel in a penetrating and matched mode. The vertical magnetic field counteracting coil is located at the center of the annular channel, and the Rogowski coil and the vertical magnetic field counteracting coil are provided with output ends. Therefore, the technical problem that small current detection is easily interfered by an external power frequency electromagnetic field is solved.

The invention discloses a novel superconducting cable based on superconducting tape transposition braiding and a braiding device thereof, the novel superconducting cable is made of a plurality of superconducting tapes, the superconducting tapes are equally divided into two groups according to the winding direction of the tapes on a framework, the two groups are respectively a clockwise group and an anticlockwise group, and the novel superconducting cable is made by adopting a transposition braiding mode under the assistance of the braiding device. The novel superconducting cable complete transposition structure has the characteristics of uniform current carrying, low alternating current loss and high current carrying capacity, and the alternating current loss in a vertical magnetic field is also obviously reduced. Different from a Robel transposition cable, the superconducting tape does not need to be cut in advance, damage and waste of the tape are avoided, the transposition problem of the superconducting cable tape is effectively solved, the utilization rate of the superconducting tape is further improved, and a simpler, more efficient and more economical solution is provided for manufacturing the superconducting cable with complete transposition. In view of the complex knitting method, a corresponding knitter is designed to assist knitting.

The utility model provides a magnetic fresh-keeping container and refrigeration equipment. The magnetic fresh-keeping container comprises a storage device provided with a storage space; the at least one magnetic field device is pivotally connected with the storage device and used for generating a magnetic field in the storage space, and the magnetic field device is provided with a first position covering at least part of the storage space in the first direction and a second position covering at least part of the storage space in the second direction; the rotating shaft rotates relative to the storage device and is switched between a first position and a second position, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The magnetic field device can generate a magnetic field in the storage space at the first position and the second position. Namely, the magnetic field device can enable the food materials in the storage space to be subjected to the magnetic field effect in the low-temperature storage process at the first position and the second position, the magnetic field fresh-keeping effect is achieved, the fresh-keeping effect of the food materials is improved, and more flexible magnetic field configuration can be provided.

Disclosed in the present invention are a magnetron sputtering device and a vacuum cavity. The magnetron sputtering device comprises a base for bearing a substrate, and a sputtering source and a first electromagnetic coil located above the substrate, and the substrate is located in the vacuum cavity. The magnetron sputtering device further comprises a second electromagnetic coil located below the substrate. The second electromagnetic coil and the substrate are coaxially arranged, the second electromagnetic coil is at least partially located outside a radial area of the base, and the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil jointly act on the position of the substrate to form a uniform perpendicular magnetic field. The uniformity of deposition on a surface of the substrate by means of magnetron sputtering is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a hydrogen ion control method in a battery sintering process, which comprises the following steps of: judging target-state hydrogen ions required by a silicon substrate according to the type of a doping interface of the silicon substrate, and enabling a hydrogen-containing passivation film layer to at least load the target-state hydrogen ions; in the sintering process of the silicon substrate, applying a parallel magnetic field parallel to the silicon substrate and a vertical magnetic field vertical to the silicon substrate to the silicon substrate and the hydrogen-containing passivation film layer; the parallel magnetic field is used for controlling target-state hydrogen ions to move towards the silicon substrate; hydrogen ions with the polarity opposite to that of the target-state hydrogen ions are marked as non-target-state hydrogen ions; the vertical magnetic field is used for enabling non-target-state hydrogen ions to be far away from a grid line of the hydrogen-containing passivation film layer; through a parallel magnetic field, target-state hydrogen ions are directionally driven to a corresponding interface according to the doped interface difference of a silicon substrate, and defect passivation is strengthened; and non-target hydrogen is repelled by a vertical magnetic field, so that the non-target hydrogen is prevented from interfering metal grid line contact, and the battery efficiency and reliability are effectively improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel frequency domain electromagnetic advanced detection, and provides a frequency domain electromagnetic advanced detection method and system in a tunnel based on a decoupling coil, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the vertical magnetic field measurement data of each receiving coil in a decoupling coil device; the vertical magnetic field measurement data of the receiving coils are combined in pairs, and gradient observation data in multiple directions are obtained through differential observation; calculating, for each receiving coil, a first apparent resistivity based on the vertical magnetic field measurement data; for each direction, calculating a second apparent resistivity based on the gradient observation data; and performing error verification based on the first apparent resistivity and the second apparent resistivity, and outputting apparent resistivity distribution. And the apparent resistivity imaging distribution in front of the tunnel face can be quickly, comprehensively and accurately obtained.

The invention discloses a downhole magnetic three-component measuring device, and relates to the technical field of metal mineral drilling exploration. The swinging mechanism is arranged in the sealing pipe in a swinging manner and comprises a swinging block; the horizontal holding mechanism is connected to the swinging mechanism and comprises a holding piece and a magnetic sensor assembly arranged on the holding piece; the retaining piece is connected with the swing block through the rotating shaft, so that when the swing mechanism swings, the surface of the retaining piece can be automatically kept horizontal under the action of gravity. According to the in-well magnetic three-component measuring device, no matter how the inclination angle and the orientation of the sealing pipe change, the swing block and retainer assembly continuously swings and rotates, and finally, the measuring reference surface of the retainer is dynamically and automatically calibrated to the local horizontal plane; the real-time output of the magnetic sensor assembly is a horizontal magnetic field component and a vertical magnetic field component in a geographic coordinate system at a measuring point, the conversion error caused by inaccurate inclination angle measurement is eliminated, and the precision is ensured.

A measuring arrangement for determining an interfacial tension comprises a vessel (10) with a chamber (11) for receiving a carrier liquid (31). A sample liquid (36) is supplied dropwise to the chamber (11) via a supply device (20). A magnetic field source (40) generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field with a vertical magnetic field gradient in the chamber (11). A measuring device (50) detects at least a portion of a contour of a drop (37) of the sample liquid (36) formed in the chamber (11) during operation of the measuring arrangement.

The invention provides a reverse osmosis membrane and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of reverse osmosis membranes, the reverse osmosis membrane comprises a support layer, the support layer is a polysulfone porous membrane coated on a non-woven fabric, and a finger-shaped pore structure is formed; the polyamide separation layer is formed by carrying out interfacial polymerization on m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride, and is doped with hyperbranched polyamide and graphene oxide; according to the invention, a vertical magnetic field is introduced in the interfacial polymerization process, so that the aminated MOF is arranged along the direction of the magnetic field to form an oriented crystal structure, the defects of the polyamide layer are reduced, the desalination rate is improved, and the production cost is reduced. The oxygen-containing functional group of the graphene oxide and the amino group of the hyperbranched polyamide form a hydrogen bond to construct a hydrophilic channel, so that the contact angle of the surface of the membrane is reduced, the anti-pollution capacity is improved, and the water flux of the membrane is remarkably improved due to the formation of an oriented crystal structure and the hydrophilic channel.

This application provides an alloy soft magnetic powder for differential mode inductors, its preparation process, and its application, solving the problem that existing magnetic powder cores have poor DC bias performance and cannot meet the miniaturization requirements of high-frequency differential mode inductors. The preparation method of the alloy soft magnetic powder for differential mode inductors in this application includes the following steps: (1) multi-level gradient powder ratio: a three-level particle size ratio is adopted; (2) composite insulation coating process; (3) magnetic field assisted pressing: isostatic pressing is carried out under a vertical magnetic field of 0.5-1 T, and the pressing pressure is divided into three stages: 500 MPa×30 s→1000 MPa×60 s→1500 MPa×120 s; (4) gradient annealing and magnetic field annealing synergistic treatment.

The invention relates to a vertical magnetic field interference resistant inductor, an electric power meter and a manufacturing method thereof, the vertical magnetic field interference resistant inductor comprises a Rogowski coil which is annularly distributed and an annular vertical magnetic field counteracting coil, the Rogowski coil comprises a plurality of self-adhesion hollow coils which are connected in series end to end, the wire diameter, the number of turns, the number of layers, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each hollow coil are consistent, and the number of the hollow coils is even; the Rogowski coils are symmetrically distributed on the same horizontal plane with a circle as the center, the hollow coil hole parts jointly form an annular channel, the vertical magnetic field offset coil is located in the center of the annular channel, and the reclamation area of the vertical magnetic field offset coil is equal to the reclamation area defined by the Rogowski coils. The Rogowski coil and the annular vertical magnetic field counteracting coil are provided with a pair of output ends, and a C-shaped annular cylindrical shielding layer with a closed magnetic circuit and an open circuit is arranged around the outer sides of the Rogowski coil, the annular vertical magnetic field counteracting coil and the output ends. Therefore, the technical problem that small current detection is easily interfered by an external power frequency electromagnetic field is solved.

The invention discloses a high-precision automatic alignment casting sheet lamination platform and a lamination method, and belongs to the technical field of casting sheet lamination, the lamination platform comprises an electromagnetic driving array which comprises a gridding platform formed by arranging a plurality of miniature electromagnetic units, generates a 0.1-0.5 Tesla vertical magnetic field after being electrified, prints a plurality of circular magnetic points on a casting sheet, and forms a magnetic field with a vertical magnetic field of 0.1-0.5 Tesla after being electrified; the vertical magnetic field is used for positioning the casting sheet through the circular magnetic points; and the reference positioning system comprises a vacuum adsorption platform etched with 20 mu m copper grids, is matched with negative pressure to fix the first-layer cast sheet, locks the position of the first-layer cast sheet at the precision of + / -1 mu m, and provides lossless fixation for the ultrathin cast sheet. According to the magnetic self-alignment lamination scheme, the magnetic mark points are printed on the cast sheet, automatic adsorption alignment is driven by a vertical magnetic field, an artificial and visual error transmission chain is eliminated, and high-precision positioning lamination is realized; in addition, the equipment using the method is low in transformation cost, and high-efficiency and low-cost precision guarantee is provided for lamination.

The invention discloses a device for detecting an electrical neutralization effect in a coagulation process, which comprises a residual charge sensor for detecting the quantity of residual charges in a solution after a coagulant reaction, the residual charge sensor comprises a detection tube for the solution after the coagulant reaction to pass through, and a vertically vertical magnetic field is applied outside the detection tube. Electrodes are arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the detection tube, a wire used for forming a current loop is arranged between the two electrodes, and a signal transmitter used for measuring induced current is arranged on the current loop. Compared with the prior art, the vertical magnetic fields are applied to the upper side and the lower side of the detection tube, so that the solution flowing through the detection tube is detected, and impurities cannot be accumulated in the detection tube under the washing of the flowing solution, so that the electrode cannot be polluted, regular cleaning and maintenance are not needed, and the real-time monitoring of the dosage of the coagulant is ensured; and meanwhile, no abrasion exists in the detection pipe, so that the maintenance cost caused by abrasion is avoided.

The invention relates to the field of superconducting tape manufacturing, and provides a superconducting magnet coil tape combination method based on different formulas, which comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring magnetic field characteristics of coils at different positions of a superconducting magnet, the magnetic field characteristics comprising a ratio of a vertical magnetic field component to a parallel magnetic field component in a magnetic field, and a ratio of the vertical magnetic field component to the parallel magnetic field component in the magnetic field; different positions of the superconducting magnet are divided into a vertical magnetic field component leading position, a parallel magnetic field component leading position and a vertical parallel magnetic field component balancing position; s2, for coils at different positions of the superconducting magnet in the S1, preparing strips by adopting three different pinning formulas, and respectively adapting to magnetic field characteristics at different positions of the superconducting magnet; s3, coils are wound at the corresponding positions of the superconducting magnet through the strip in the S2, and the coils are connected in series to form the superconducting magnet. Precise matching of the strip performance and magnet space magnetic field distribution is achieved, the material utilization efficiency is improved while the magnet performance is guaranteed, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the reliability of magnet operation is enhanced.

The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel frequency domain electromagnetic advanced detection, and provides a tunnel hole frequency domain electromagnetic advanced detection method and system based on decoupling coils, which comprises the following steps: acquiring vertical magnetic field measurement data of each receiving coil in the decoupling coil device; combining the vertical magnetic field measurement data of the receiving coils two by two, and obtaining multi-directional gradient observation data through differential observation; for each receiving coil, calculating a first apparent resistivity based on the vertical magnetic field measurement data; for each direction, calculating a second apparent resistivity based on the gradient observation data; and outputting the apparent resistivity distribution after error verification based on the first apparent resistivity and the second apparent resistivity. The apparent resistivity imaging distribution in front of the tunnel face can be quickly, comprehensively and accurately obtained.

The invention relates to an open-close type vertical magnetic field interference resisting inductor, an electric power meter and a manufacturing method of the open-close type vertical magnetic field interference resisting inductor, the open-close type vertical magnetic field interference resisting inductor comprises an open-close type Rogowski coil and an internal open-close type annular vertical magnetic field counteracting coil, and the reclamation area of the vertical magnetic field counteracting coil is equal to the reclamation area defined by the Rogowski coil. The open-close type Rogowski coil comprises a first Rogowski coil and a second Rogowski coil, the vertical magnetic field offset coil comprises a first loop segment and a second loop segment, the first Rogowski coil and the second Rogowski coil respectively comprise a connecting end and an open-close end which are located at the two ends, and the connecting ends of the first Rogowski coil and the second Rogowski coil are electrically connected with each other. The opening and closing ends of the first Rogowski coil and the second Rogowski coil are electrically connected with the first loop segment or the second loop segment located in the first Rogowski coil and the second Rogowski coil respectively, and the other ends of the first loop segment and the second loop segment are used for jointly forming the output end of the opening and closing type vertical magnetic field interference resisting inductor. Therefore, the technical problem that small current detection is easily interfered by an external power frequency electromagnetic field is solved, and installation and maintenance are convenient.

This disclosure provides a method for fabricating an epitaxial structure, the epitaxial structure itself, and a semiconductor device. The method for fabricating the epitaxial structure includes the following steps: In a reaction chamber, a magnetic layer of gyromagnetic ferrite is epitaxially grown on a semiconductor substrate; the magnetic layer of gyromagnetic ferrite has in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and its easy magnetization axis is parallel to the surface of the semiconductor substrate; the semiconductor substrate is placed in an annealing chamber for variable-temperature annealing, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate is applied in the annealing chamber to forcibly change the easy magnetization axis from being parallel to the substrate surface to being perpendicular to the substrate surface; wherein the variable-temperature annealing process involves subjecting the semiconductor substrate to at least one temperature change process between a first temperature and a second temperature. This disclosure, through variable-temperature annealing and the application of a perpendicular magnetic field in the annealing chamber, enables the easy magnetization axis to be changed to be perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, thereby achieving a complete overhaul and reconstruction of magnetic properties.

The application provides a test structure and a test method of a magnetic storage array. The test structure comprises a lower metal layer, an upper metal layer, a magnetic tunnel junction array, and an in-situ magnetic field structure. The magnetic tunnel junction array comprises a magnetic storage device to be tested. The in-situ magnetic field structure comprises at least one metal coil surrounding the magnetic storage device to be tested. By arranging the in-situ magnetic field structure in at least one metal layer of the upper and lower layers of the magnetic tunnel junction array, a vertical magnetic field can be applied to the magnetic storage device to be tested which is composed of a single or several magnetic tunnel junctions by passing current through the at least one metal coil, so as to test the anti-interference performance of the magnetic storage device to be tested in a read-write process. In addition, the in-situ magnetic field can be used to calculate important parameters such as the thermal stability factor of the magnetic storage device to be tested, so that part of the magnetic performance parameters of the magnetic storage device to be tested can be obtained in the WAT test, and the test result can reflect the characteristics of the magnetic tunnel junction array.

The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting electricians, and particularly discloses a shielding current induced stress eliminating device, an interpolated magnet and a hybrid magnet system. According to the invention, the shielding coil is coaxially arranged on the axial outer side of the high-temperature superconducting interpolated magnet, and the magnetic field detection unit is arranged to monitor the vertical magnetic field. The control module dynamically adjusts the excitation current of the shielding coil in stages according to the current signals of the interpolated magnet and the external magnet, and specifically, the control module applies gradually increased reverse direct current when the interpolated magnet starts excitation; the current of the shielding coil is gradually reduced in the excitation process of the external magnet, and the current reduction rate is adjusted according to the vertical magnetic field change condition fed back by the magnetic field detection unit. The vertical magnetic field at the end part of the interpolated magnet is in a descending trend through active regulation and control, and the reverse shielding current is induced at the end part to counteract the initial shielding current, so that the edge concentrated stress is effectively relieved, and the stability and the reliability of the interpolated magnet are improved.

To disclose a measurement assembly and method for measuring interfacial tension between two liquids.SOLUTION: A measurement assembly for measuring interfacial tension includes a container (10) having a chamber (11) containing a carrier liquid (31). A sample liquid (36) is supplied dropwise to the chamber (11) via a supply device (20). A magnetic field source (40) generates a non-uniform magnetic field with a vertical magnetic field gradient in the chamber (11). A measurement device (50) detects at least a part of a contour of a droplet (37) of the sample liquid (36) formed in the chamber (11) during operation of the measurement assembly.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The utility model discloses a residual charge detection device, which comprises a residual charge sensor used for detecting the quantity of residual charges in a solution after a coagulant reaction, the residual charge sensor comprises a detection tube for the solution after the coagulant reaction to pass through, and a vertical magnetic field is applied outside the detection tube. Electrodes are arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the detection tube, a wire used for forming a current loop is arranged between the two electrodes, and a signal transmitter used for measuring induced current is arranged on the current loop. Compared with the prior art, the vertical magnetic fields are applied to the upper side and the lower side of the detection tube, so that the solution flowing through the detection tube is detected, and impurities cannot be accumulated in the detection tube under the washing of the flowing solution, so that the electrode cannot be polluted, regular cleaning and maintenance are not needed, and the real-time monitoring of the dosage of the coagulant is ensured; and meanwhile, no abrasion exists in the detection pipe, so that the maintenance cost caused by abrasion is avoided.

A measuring arrangement for determining interfacial tension comprises a vessel (10) with a chamber (11) for receiving a carrier liquid (31). A sample liquid (36) is fed dropwise into the chamber (11) via a feed device (20). A magnetic field source (40) generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field with a vertical magnetic field gradient in the chamber (11). A measuring device (50) detects at least a section of the contour of a droplet (37) of the sample liquid (36) formed in the chamber (11) during operation of the measuring arrangement.

The utility model provides a magnetic field probe station, which comprises a three-dimensional magnetic field generation module, a sample bearing module and a probe module, the three-dimensional magnetic field generation module comprises an in-plane magnetic field generation assembly and a vertical magnetic field generation assembly, and the in-plane magnetic field generation assembly is configured to be capable of generating a magnetic field approximately parallel to the surface of a measured object at a preset position. The vertical magnetic field generation assembly comprises vertical pole heads which are oppositely arranged, and the preset position is located between the vertical pole heads; the two vertical pole heads are arranged on the two sides of the measured position of the measured object, so that the divergence of a vertical magnetic field is reduced, and the magnetic field intensity of the measured position of the measured object is increased; under the requirement of the same vertical magnetic field intensity, a larger space can be reserved above an object to be detected so that the probe can be in contact with the object to be detected, and therefore, the probe can be inserted conveniently; the vertical pole head does not need to reduce the end size for avoiding the probe, can enlarge the range of a vertical magnetic field, and can be used for the detection of large-size wafers.

The invention relates to a vertical magneto-sensitive TMR sensor with a continuously adjustable linear region, belongs to the technical field of magnetic sensors, and solves the problems that a vertical magnetic field is difficult to measure and the linear region of the same sensor cannot be regulated and controlled in the prior art. The sensor comprises a Si substrate, a piezoelectric film layer, an electrode layer, a seed layer, a vertical magnetic free layer, a tunneling barrier layer, a vertical magnetic fixed layer and a protective layer from bottom to top, and the vertical magnetic free layer sequentially comprises a first magnetic material layer, a first ultrathin metal layer and a second magnetic material layer from bottom to top. And the vertical magnetic fixed layer comprises a ferromagnetic layer, a second ultrathin metal layer and an antiferromagnetic coupling layer from bottom to top. According to the sensor, the vertical magnetic anisotropy of the vertical magnetic free layer of the vertical magneto-sensitive TMR sensor is regulated and controlled by utilizing the stress generated by the piezoelectric material, continuous regulation and control in a linear range can be realized, the application scene of the sensor is remarkably expanded, and the preparation process is good in compatibility, convenient to package, low in cost and suitable for large-scale mass production.

The application provides an integrated multi-dimensional magnetic field compensation device, and relates to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion devices. In the device, planar coils are laid in the circumferential grooves of a sealing flange to generate a parallel magnetic field parallel to the axial direction of an extension structure. The parallel magnetic field is subjected to magnetic field correction and compensation in the z direction. A sleeve structure and a positioning structure are both sleeved in the annular space outside the extension structure and tightly combined with the outer surface of the extension structure and the inner surface of the shell. The outer surface of the sleeve structure comprises a plurality of symmetrically arranged concave spaces, each of which is used for placing a group of coils. The oppositely arranged coil groups generate a same-direction magnetic field. The mutually perpendicularly arranged coil groups generate a vertical magnetic field, which is subjected to magnetic field correction and compensation in the x and y directions. The device is installed outside the vacuum chamber port of a magnetic confinement fusion device, a plurality of magnetic field compensation coils are integrated on the outer surface of the port, and independent regulation and fine compensation of the local three-dimensional magnetic field components of the port region can be realized.

A measuring assembly for determining interfacial tension includes a vessel with a chamber for receiving a carrier liquid. A sample liquid is supplied to the chamber drop by drop via a supply device. A magnetic field source generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field with a vertical magnetic field gradient in the chamber. A measuring device detects at least one section of a contour of a drop of the sample liquid formed in the chamber during operation of the measuring assembly.

This invention discloses a high-impurity copper electrolytic anode mud treatment technology, belonging to the field of non-ferrous metal hydrometallurgical technology. Addressing the problem of high copper, nickel, selenium, and tellurium content and difficulty in precious metal recovery in anode mud, this invention provides a magnetic field-assisted treatment method: after crushing and ball milling the anode mud into a slurry, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are introduced under a vertical magnetic field for oxidative acid leaching, efficiently recovering nickel, selenium, and tellurium; the leached residue is then reduced and enriched with sodium bisulfite and iron powder under a parallel magnetic field, and finally dissolved stepwise with aqua regia and nitric acid to obtain gold and silver powder. This invention achieves copper and nickel leaching rates ≥96.8%, selenium and tellurium leaching rates ≥70%, and enriched slag with a gold grade ≥5000 g / t and a silver grade ≥20%, offering advantages such as a short process, low energy consumption, and high recovery rate.

A single-chip integrated 3D Hall device and a preparation method therefor. The single-chip integrated 3D Hall device is provided with an STI isolation trench, a first P-type buried layer, a second P-type buried layer, N-type electrodes, an oxide layer, a third P-type well and a metal layer. The single-chip integrated 3D Hall device comprises four first N-type electrodes and one second N-type electrode, wherein when the device detects a vertical magnetic field, mutually perpendicular electrodes among the four first N-type electrodes are respectively bias electrodes and Hall voltage detection electrodes; when the device detects a horizontal magnetic field, the four first N-type electrodes represent a current in an X or Y direction; and when a parallel magnetic field perpendicular to an electric current direction passes through the device, an induced electric potential is generated in another perpendicular direction, and is concentrated at the second N-type electrode, thus detecting a Hall voltage which is induced by a magnetic field in the Y or X direction. The device is formed in a P-type silicon wafer substrate, and the maximum size of a Hall active function area of the device is merely within the range of 30 μm to 50 μm; thus, the device has an extremely small size.

In one aspect, the bridge includes a first magnetoresistive element having a first reference angle; a second magnetoresistive element in series with the first magnetoresistive element and having a second reference angle; a third magnetoresistive element in parallel with the first magnetoresistive element and having the first reference angle; and a fourth magnetoresistive element in series with the third magnetoresistive element and having the second reference angle. The output of the bridge has a linear response over a range of horizontal magnetic field values having non-zero values, and the range of horizontal magnetic field strength values is associated with a vertical magnetic field strength value having a zero Oersted (Oe) value. The reference angles indicate the angles at which the magnetoresistive elements are most sensitive to changes in the magnetic field.