233 results about "Spin current" patented technology

A magnetic memory element switchable by current injection includes a plurality of magnetic layers, at least one of the plurality of magnetic layers having a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy component and including a current-switchable magnetic moment, and at least one barrier layer formed adjacent to the plurality of magnetic layers (e.g., between two of the magnetic layers). The memory element has the switching threshold current and device impedance suitable for integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits.

A Hall sensor array for offset-compensated magnetic field measurement comprises a first and at least one additional pair of Hall sensor elements. Each Hall sensor element has four terminals, of which two act as power supply terminals for supplying an operating current and two act as measurement terminals for measuring a Hall voltage. Respective first supply terminals of each Hall sensor element are connected together and to a first terminal of a common voltage source and respective second supply terminals of each Hall sensor element are connected together and to a second terminal of the common voltage source so that the common voltage source supplies an operating current for the Hall sensor elements. The Hall sensor elements are operated in the spinning current mode so that the offset voltages of the Hall sensor elements approximately cancel one another out in a revolution so that the Hall signal contributions which actually depend on the magnetic field remain.

A magnetoresistive device includes a magnetic free layer having first and second surfaces, the magnetic free layer being comprised of a ferromagnetic material having a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, a spin current generation layer contacting the first surface of the magnetic free layer, a tunnel barrier layer having one surface contacting the second surface of the magnetic free layer, a reference layer contacting another surface of the tunnel barrier layer, and a leakage field generation layer including first and second leakage field generation layers each of which is comprised of a ferromagnetic material and generates a leakage field, an in-plane component of the leakage field at an part of the magnetic free layer is formed generating a domain wall having an in-plane magnetization component in the magnetic free layer.

The thermoelectric conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric conversion device is increased by increasing the figure of merit of a spin-Seebeck effect element.

An inverse spin-Hall effect material is provided to at least one end of a thermal spin-wave spin current generating material made of a magnetic dielectric material so that a thermal spin-wave spin current is converted to generate a voltage in the above described inverse spin-Hall effect material when there is a temperature gradient in the above described thermal spin-wave spin current generating material and a magnetic field is applied using a magnetic field applying means.

The invention relates to a method for changing spin relaxation, a method for detecting a spin current, and a spintronic device using spin relaxation, and spin relaxation is changed through injection of a spin current.

A spin current 4 is injected into a material 1 in a certain spin state, so that the spin relaxation time can be controlled.

A vertical Hall sensor includes a Hall effect region and a plurality of contacts formed in or on a surface of the Hall effect region. The plurality of contacts are arranged in a sequence along a path extending between a first end and a second end of the Hall effect region. The plurality of contacts includes at least four spinning current contacts and at least two supply-only contacts. The spinning current contacts are configured to alternatingly function as supply contacts and sense contacts according to a spinning current scheme. The at least four spinning current contacts are arranged along a central portion of the path. The at least two supply-only contacts are arranged on both sides of the central portion in a distributed manner and are configured to supply electrical energy to the Hall effect region according to an extension of the spinning current scheme.

A method and system for providing a magnetic element are disclosed. The method and system include providing a pinned layer, providing a spacer layer, and providing a free layer. The free layer is ferrimagnetic and includes at least one of a conductive ferrite, a garnet, a ferrimagnetic alloy excluding a rare earth, a heavy rare-earth-transition metal alloy, a half-metallic ferrimagnetic, and a bilayer. The bilayer includes a rare earth-transition metal alloy layer and a spin current enhancement layer. The magnetic element is configured to allow the free layer to be switched due to spin transfer when a write current is passed through the magnetic element.

A spin accumulation device with high output, high resolution, and low noise. A spin current confined layer is located between a voltage-detection magnetic conductive material and a nonmagnetic conductive material. A spin current alone flows through the spin current confined layer. Due to the confinement of the spin current, since it is possible to prevent the spin current from flowing through excess portions other than the scatterer that exhibits resistance change, the detection efficiency of the spin accumulation device is dramatically increased.

A memory device using a spin hall effect, and methods of manufacturing and operating the memory device, include applying a first operational current to a bit line of the memory device such that a spin current is applied to a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) cell coupled to the bit line due to a material in the bit line, wherein the bit line is electrically connected to a word line via the MTJ cell, and the word line intersects the bit line.

The invention discloses a magnetic element based on a spin hall effect, a microwave oscillator and a manufacturing method thereof. The magnetic element comprises a non-magnetic metal film layer (ML) and a magnetic film layer (FL), wherein the non-magnetic metal film layer (ML) can induce electrons to generate spin currents, and the magnetic film layer (FL) is formed on the non-magnetic metal film layer (ML) and can balance magnetization. The microwave oscillator comprises the magnetic element, the magnetic element is formed on a substrate layer (SL), and metal electrodes (EL) are formed on the magnetic element. The microwave oscillator can be formed by using a thin film deposit technology, a photoetching and/or etching technology and the like. The structure of the magnetic element is beneficial to reducing the noise of the microwave oscillator, device microwave frequency is wide in adjustable range under the effect of impressed currents, and output microwave signals are excellent in performance. The microwave oscillator has the advantages of being small in size, simple in structure and the like, and is simple in manufacturing technology, compatible with traditional nano-meter processing technologies, easy to manufacture in a mass mode and capable of serving as a microwave source to be widely applied in the fields of electronics, communication and the like.

A Hall electromotive force signal detection circuit combines offset cancellation means by a spinning current method of a Hall element with a continuous-time signal processing circuit. A first Hall element includes first to fourth terminals, and generates a Hall electromotive force signal voltage Vhall1. A third Hall element generates an other Hall electromotive force signal voltage Vhall3. A first switching circuit selects a terminal position for applying a drive current from the four terminals of the first Hall element. A third switching circuit selects a terminal position for applying a drive current from the four terminals of the third Hall element, which is different from the terminal position selected by the first switching circuit. A chopper clock generation circuit supplies a chopper clock signal φ1, φ2 having two different phases to the switching circuit, and also supplies the chopper clock signal φ1, φ2 to the switching circuit.

A spin accumulation sensor having a three terminal design that allows the free layer to be located at the air bearing surface. A non-magnetic conductive spin transport layer extends from a free layer structure (located at the ABS) to a reference layer structure removed from the ABS. The sensor includes a current or voltage source for applying a current across a reference layer structure. The current or voltage source has a lead that is connected with the non-magnetic spin transport layer and also to electric ground. Circuitry for measuring a signal voltage measures a voltage between a shield that is electrically connected with the free layer structure and the ground. The free layer structure can include a spin diffusion layer that ensures that all spin current is completely dissipated before reaching the lead to the voltage source, thereby preventing shunting of the spin current to the voltage source.

To realize an electric field-driven type ferromagnetic resonance excitation method of low power consumption using an electric field as drive power, and provide a spin wave signal generation element and a spin current signal generation element using the method, a logic element using the elements, and a magnetic function element such as a high-frequency detection element and a magnetic recording device using the method. A magnetic field having a specific magnetic field application angle and magnetic field strength is applied to a laminate structure in which an ultrathin ferromagnetic layer sufficiently thin so that an electric field shield effect by conduction electrons does not occur and a magnetic anisotropy control layer are directly stacked on each other and an insulation barrier layer and an electrode layer are arranged in order on an ultrathin ferromagnetic layer side. An electric field having a high-frequency component of a magnetic resonance frequency is then applied between the magnetic anisotropy control layer and the electrode layer, thereby efficiently exciting ferromagnetic resonance in the ultrathin ferromagnetic layer.

A concrete means for making transmission over long distances possible using a spin-wave spin current is provided in a spintronic device and an information transmitting method.

At least one metal electrode made of any of Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Bi, alloys of these, or elements having an f-orbital are provided on top of a magnetic dielectric layer and, so that spin-wave spin current—pure spin current exchange is carried out at the interface between the above described magnetic dielectric layer and the above described metal electrode.

A spin transfer torque (STT) device is formed on an electrically conductive substrate and includes a ferromagnetic free layer near the substrate, a ferromagnetic polarizing layer and a nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the polarizing layer. A multilayer structure is located between the substrate and the free layer. The multilayer structure includes a metal or metal alloy seed layer for the free layer and an intermediate oxide layer below and in contact with the seed layer. The intermediate oxide layer reflects spin current from the free layer and thus reduces undesirable damping of the oscillation of the free layer's magnetization by the seed layer.

The invention proposes a voltage control magnetic random access memory unit, memory and logic device formed from the memory unit. The memory unit comprises a ferroelectric layer, a spin-orbit coupling layer and a first magnetic layer, wherein the a positive or negative first voltage can be applied onto the ferroelectric layer so as to control magnetized directional turnover, the spin-orbit coupling layer is arranged on the ferroelectric layer, a second voltage can be applied onto the spin-orbit coupling layer so as to generate a spinning current perpendicular to a direction of the layer, the first magnetic layer is arranged on the spin-orbit coupling layer, the spinning current can be used for inducing magnetism of the first magnetic layer to randomly and vertically turn over, and by combining the first voltage applied onto the ferroelectric layer, the spinning current can be used for inducing the first magnetic layer to directionally turn over. Ferroelectric polarization is generated by applying the voltages to two ends of the ferroelectric layers, a non-uniform spin-orbit coupling effect is generated, and the current can be modulated to induce the turnover direction of the magnetism of a magnetic thin film.

A method for implementing miniaturization of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and a magnetic memory using single domain switching by direct current are provided. The magnetic memory preferably includes a half-circle or U-shaped architecture with an exchange biasing pad, such as a FeMn exchange biasing pad that effectively generates a head-to-head magnetization configuration. The magnetic memory also includes nanometer scale notches in order to minimize magnetostatic interaction between a single domain memory element and the spin current sources and to effectively trap the magnetic domain wall. Reading the bit can be carried out by anisotropic magnetoresistance, or by other means of determining the magnetization orientation through resistance measurements, such as a spin valve or a magnetic tunneling junction.

The invention discloses a self-excited spinning single-electron electromagnetic field effect transistor, a preparation method and the application. The electromagnetic field effect transistor comprises a base plate, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode and a nanowire active area. The source electrode, the drain electrode and the gate electrode are arranged on the base plate. The nanowire active area is a current channel between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the nanowire active area is polymorphic silicon carbide nanowires mingling with magnetic metals. According to the self-excited spinning single-electron electromagnetic field effect transistor, the preparation method and the application, and the indoor temperature can realize a single-electron coulomb block effect and a single-electron tunneling effect; at the same time, when the single-electron coulomb block effect and the single-electron tunneling effect are achieved, the single electron oscillation generates a variable electric field, and the variable electric field generates a magnetic field; under the condition that drain voltage replenishes energy, multi-structure electromagnetic oscillation can be presented, and pA-grade single-electron spinning current is generated. The self-excited spinning single-electron electromagnetic field effect transistor can be used as component for generating, converting, transferring and storing of quantum information.

An electric current-spin current conversion device according to the invention performs conversion between electric current and spin current utilizing the spin Hall effect or the inverse spin Hall effect of a 5d transition metal. A spin accumulation apparatus according to the invention includes a non-magnetic body in which injected spins are accumulated and an injection unit that injects spins into the non-magnetic body, wherein said injection unit comprises said electric current-spin current conversion device provided on said non-magnetic body, and an electric power source that supplies an electric current to said electric current-spin current conversion device in such a way that a spin current flowing toward said non-magnetic body is generated by the spin Hall effect.

A storage node of a magnetic memory device includes: a lower magnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer formed on the lower magnetic layer, and a free magnetic layer formed on the tunnel barrier. The free magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is switchable in response to a spin current. The free magnetic layer has a cap structure surrounding at least one material layer on which the free magnetic layer is formed.

The invention discloses an electric field regulation and control-based two-dimensional spinning electronic device and a preparation method thereof, and relates to electric field regulation and controlfor generation and polarization rates of spinning currents. The device structure comprises a sandwich structure of a first BN two-dimensional material/ferromagnetic metal-doped III-VI group chalcogenide two-dimensional material/second BN two-dimensional material, a transparent electrode connected with the first BN two-dimensional material and the second BN two-dimensional material, and a channelelectrode connected with the III-VI group chalcogenide two-dimensional material; the ferromagnetic metal is doped in crystal lattice displacement position or gap position of the III-VI group chalcogenide two-dimensional material, so that the electrons of the III-VI group chalcogenide two-dimensional material are subjected to spinning polarization; the spin-polarized electrons generate a spin current through a channel loop under excitation of the incident laser, and the magnetic structure of the ferromagnetic metal-doped III-VI group chalcogenide two-dimensional material is regulated to be converted between ferromagnetic coupling and anti-ferromagnetic coupling through an externally applied perpendicular electric field, so that the polarization rate of the spin current can be regulated within the range of 0-100%, and the two-dimensional spinning electronic device with controllable polarization rate is formed.

A spin current magnetization rotational element includes: a magnetization free layer including a synthetic structure consisting of a first ferromagnetic metal layer, a second ferromagnetic metal layer and a first non-magnetic layer sandwiched by the first ferromagnetic metal layer and the second ferromagnetic metal layer; and an antiferromagnetic spin-orbit torque wiring that extends in a second direction intersecting with a first direction that is a lamination direction of the synthetic structure and is joined to the first ferromagnetic metal layer, wherein the spin current magnetization rotational element is configured to change a magnetization direction of the magnetization free layer by applying current to the antiferromagnetic spin-orbit torque wiring.

In one embodiment, a SOT device is provided that replaces a traditional NM layer adjacent to a magnetic layer with a NM layer that is compatible with CMOS technology. The NM layer may include a CMOS-compatible composite (e.g., CuPt) alloy, a TI (e.g., Bi₂Se₃, Bi_xSe_1-x, Bi_1-xSb_x, etc.) or a TI/non-magnetic metal (e.g., Bi₂Se₃/Ag, Bi_xSe_1-x/Ag, Bi_1-xSb_x/Ag, etc.) interface, that provides efficient spin current generation. Spin current may be generated in various manners, including extrinsic SHE, TSS or Rashba effect.