The invention discloses a periodic bowl-shaped structural template and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: depositing a silicon dioxide mask layer on a substrate, spin-coating photoresist on the silicon dioxide mask layer, preparing a periodic micro/nano photoresist lattice pattern, depositing a thin metal film on the photoresist structure, peeling to obtain a metal hole array pattern, forming a bowl-shaped array structure of the silicon dioxide by adopting a wet etching technology by taking the metal hole array structure as a mask, and finally, removing the metal mask. The periodic bowl-shaped structural template prepared by the preparation method is large in area and uniform and complete in structure, has a very good application prospect in the aspects of preparation of patterned structures, photonic crystals, surface roughening, surface flocking and micro/nano devices and the like, can be widely applied to the aspects of LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes), solar batteries, photonic crystals, quantum devices and the like, or serves as an etching mask layer of the substrate material, or is used for the manufacturing of other micro/nano structures.