The invention discloses a sea surface flow inversion method based on an X waveband radar image. The method comprises the following steps that: (1), sea clutter images in a time-space domain are collected and are used as a sequence, so that a sub-image sequence is obtained; (2), three-dimensional fourier transform is carried out on the sub-image sequence; (3), a band pass filer is constructed according to a dispersion relation; (4), correction is carried out on a non-linear influence of an image spectrum; (5), a degree of membership is calculated; (6), weighted calculation is carried out; (7),initial flow estimation carried out; (8), iteration flow estimation is carried out. Compared with a current flow inversion algorithm, the sea surface flow inversion method enables a flow inversion accuracy to be improved and especially a flow inversion accuracy at a slow flow speed to be improved; moreover, stability on an inversion result is improved. According to the invention, a dispersion relation band bass filter that depends on a maximum flow speed is utilized to carry out noise filtering on an image spectrum and the denoising capability is strong; besides, correction is carried out on the image spectrum to obtain a sea state spectrum, so that real sea state information can be reflected; and then, the sea state spectrum is utilized as one of weights of a least square method to calculate a flow, so that a flow inversion result approaches a real sea state.