33 results about "Solar transmittance" patented technology

The invention provides laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, an infrared reflection layer, a bonding layer, a second glass plate and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer comprises at least one absorption function layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 15%, and the transmission index A of the laminated glass is larger than or equal to 10; the transmission index A is equal to TL1 / (TE * TL3). According to the laminated glass, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer and the infrared reflection layer are used together, so that the laminated glass has relatively low visible light transmittance TL1 and relatively low radiance e, and a deep colored PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) membrane in related technologies can be omitted, so that the laminated glass has the effects of low cost, simplicity in manufacturing and production and privacy protection; the laminated glass has a lower total solar transmittance TTS, so that the laminated glass can better block heat, a sunshade curtain in a vehicle is omitted, and a larger height space in the vehicle is obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochromic devices, and relates to a flexible electrochromic device for heat management of a curved transparent enclosure structure. The electrode is formed by assembling flexible polyethylene glycol terephthalate-indium tin oxide as transparent conductive electrodes on the two sides to clamp a silver-based gel electrolyte. The device is simple in preparation method, controllable in composition and structure and easy to expand; the deposition quality of silver ions is improved through electrode surface plasma cleaning and modification; by applying and removing voltage, the device has reversible dual working modes: an initial state is a solar heating mode, and at the moment, the device has high sunlight transmissivity; voltage is applied to the device to excite deposition of silver on the outer side electrode, at the moment, a radiation cooling mode is adopted, and at the moment, the device has high sunlight reflectivity and high and medium far infrared emissivity; the device has excellent sunlight modulation capability and mechanical stability, and has great application prospects in the aspect of all-season dynamic thermal management of curved transparent enclosure structures such as buildings and automobiles.

A low light transmission gray glass formed from a composition includes colorants. The colorants include 1.8 wt.% to 2.3 wt.% Fe2O3, 0.28 wt.% to 1.2 wt.% FeO, 0.030 wt.% to 0.040 wt.% Co3O4, 0.0020 wt.% to 0.010 wt.% Se, 0.00050 wt.% to 0.050 wt.% CuO, and 0.01 wt.% to 1 wt.% TiO2. The glass has a visible light transmission (TLA) of less than 15%, a direct solar transmittance (TDS) of less than 14%, an infrared radiation transmittance (TIR) of less than 14%, a UV light transmittance (Tuv) of less than 8%, and a total solar transmittance (TTS) of less than 38%.

The invention provides laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, a bonding layer, a second glass plate and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer comprises at least one absorption function layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 15%, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 20%, and the radiance e of the laminated glass measured from one side of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is smaller than or equal to 0.5. According to the laminated glass, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is arranged, so that the laminated glass has lower visible light transmittance TL1 and lower radiance e, and a deep colored PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) membrane in the related technology can be omitted, so that the laminated glass has the effects of low cost, simplicity in manufacturing and production and privacy protection; according to the laminated glass provided by the utility model, the laminated glass is matched with the infrared reflecting layer for use, so that the laminated glass has lower total solar transmittance TTS, the laminated glass can better block heat, the arrangement of a sunshade curtain in a vehicle is omitted, and a larger height space in the vehicle is obtained.

The invention discloses a novel thermochromic intelligent window with adjustable emissivity, comprising a window frame, a glass component installed inside the window frame, the glass component comprising a glass substrate, a metal oxide coating for adjusting the glass substrate to have a low radiation function in the mid-infrared region is deposited on one side of the glass substrate, the metal oxide coating is a layer of transparent indium tin oxide film, a solar energy regulating high radiation part is installed on the other side of the glass substrate, the solar energy regulating high radiation part comprises a first polyethylene layer, a hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogel layer is installed on the upper part of the first polyethylene layer, the hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogel layer is also installed with a second polyethylene layer, and the hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogel layer is wrapped in the middle by the first polyethylene layer and the second polyethylene layer. The invention can dynamically adjust the thermal radiation and solar transmittance of different bands according to the changes of seasons and climate, so as to reduce the indoor temperature and save energy consumption, reduce the cooling load of the building in summer and reduce the heat loss in winter.

To provide an exterior laminate that can be used as an exterior component and is capable of sufficiently suppressing heat accumulation due to radiant heat such as sunlight. [Solution] An exterior laminate 10 is disclosed, having, in order from the surface side, a) a transparent film layer 1 containing an acrylic resin, c) a printed layer 2, and b) a colored film layer 3 containing a polyvinyl chloride resin, wherein the printed layer 2 of c) does not contain carbon black, the solar transmittance of the printed layer 2 of c) is 70% or more, and the solar absorptance is 20% or less. Preferably, the printed layer 2 of c) contains a perylene-based colorant and / or a phthalocyanine-based colorant.

A low light transmission gray glass formed from a composition includes colorants. The colorants include 1.8 wt. % to 2.3 wt. % Fe2O3, 0.28 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % FeO, 0.030 wt. % to 0.040 wt. % Co3O4, 0.0020 wt. % to 0.010 wt. % Se, 0.00050 wt. % to 0.050 wt. % CuO, and 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. % TiO2. The glass has a visible light transmission (TLA) of less than 15%, a direct solar transmittance (TDS) of less than 14%, an infrared radiation transmittance (TIR) of less than 14%, a UV light transmittance (TUV) of less than 8%, and a total solar transmittance (TTS) of less than 38%.

This invention discloses a calculation method for an optical model of a parallel slat transparent heat-insulating window, including: determining environmental parameters such as the sun's position; determining the solar radiation value and the incident angle of direct radiation; determining the maximum number of reflections and the incident light segmentation ratio; calculating the transmittance of direct-to-direct radiation from the slats; calculating the transmittance and reflectance of direct-to-scattered radiation from the slats; calculating the transmittance and reflectance of scattered-to-scattered radiation from the slats; determining the transmittance, reflectance, and absorptivity of back radiation transmission; calculating the transmittance and reflectance of direct radiation, and the transmittance and reflectance of scattered radiation from the single-pane glass; calculating the solar radiation transmission through the parallel slat transparent heat-insulating window using the net radiation method; and further fitting a simplified formula for calculating solar transmittance. This invention enables designers to perform optical calculations on parallel slat transparent heat-insulating windows and reasonably evaluate their performance and energy-saving potential.

The present invention relates to an alkali borosilicate glass in which the total iron content in terms of Fe2O3 in the alkali borosilicate glass is 0.03% or more in mol% on the basis of oxides, the ratio of tricoordinated boron to the total amount of tricoordinated boron and tetracoordinated boron is 61% or less, the alkali borosilicate glass does not substantially contain Se and CoO, and the thickness of the alkali borosilicate glass is 2.0 mm when converted to a thickness of 2.0 mm. The alkali borosilicate glass has a solar transmittance Te of 90% or less as determined by ISO 9050: 2003, a dominant wavelength Dw of 520 nm or more and 574 nm or less as determined by using a standard C light source as determined by JIS Z 8701: 1999, and an excitation purity Pe of 4.0% or less as determined by using a standard C light source as determined by JIS Z 8701: 1999.

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of suppressing generation of double images, and suppressing unevenness in heat shielding performance in laminated glass. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention has a region where a partial wedge angle in a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end of the interlayer film is 0.05 mrad or more, the interlayer film includes a heat shielding layer containing a heat shielding substance and having a glass transition point of 15° C. or more, and when a distance between the one end and the other end or the interlayer film is referred to as X, the thickness of the interlayer film at an arbitrary position (1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) where the thickness of the interlayer film is smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at the position (1) by 25 μm or more, the solar transmittance at the position (1) of the laminated glass including the interlayer film, and the solar transmittance at the position (2) of the laminated glass including the interlayer film satisfy specific relationships.

To provide an exterior laminate that can be used as an exterior component and is capable of sufficiently suppressing heat accumulation due to radiant heat such as sunlight. [Solution] An exterior laminate 10 is disclosed, having, in order from the surface side, a) a transparent film layer 1 containing an acrylic resin, b) a colored film layer 3 containing a polyvinyl chloride resin, and d) a base material 4, wherein the solar transmittance of b) the colored film layer 3 is 20% or more, and the solar reflectance of d) the base material 4 is 40% or more. The exterior laminate 10 may have, in order from the surface side, a) a transparent film layer 1 containing an acrylic resin, c) a printed layer 2, b) a colored film layer 3 containing a polyvinyl chloride resin, and d) a base material 4. It is preferable that c) the printed layer 2 does not contain carbon black.

The application discloses a multilayer phase change all-year energy-saving material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises, from inside to outside, a carbonized substrate layer, a radiation energy collecting layer and a phase change radiation switch layer. The carbonized substrate layer is made of carbonized material slurry. The raw materials of the phase change radiation switch layer comprise modified nano vanadium dioxide 0.5-25 parts, a polymer substrate 20-60 parts, acetone 130-200 parts and zirconium dioxide 0.2-15 parts in terms of mass fraction. In the multilayer phase change all-year energy-saving material, the phase change radiation switch realizes the switch change of transmission and reflection at different temperatures through the spectrum change of the phase change material. The material has good radiation refrigeration function in summer, has solar reflectivity of more than 90% and atmospheric window emissivity, has solar transmittance of more than 70% in winter, absorbs solar heat through the radiation energy collecting layer to realize building heat absorption, and realizes all-year energy saving.

The application discloses a kind of high light transmission passive temperature regulating single-layer thermochromic windows and its preparation method and application.The high light transmission passive temperature regulating single-layer thermochromic window includes transparent glass substrate, light adjusting layer and encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked;Light adjusting layer is the hydrogel network formed by polymerization reaction of N-isopropyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate mixed monomers in the presence of crosslinking agent and initiator;The modulation amplitude of solar transmittance of light adjusting layer is 80~90%;Encapsulation layer is used to block the transmission of water vapor and small molecules.The present application constructs uniform transparent network through PNIPAm-DMAA-HEA synergistic copolymerization, so that the visible light transmittance of material in transparent state is stable more than 97%;Reversible phase separation occurs after warming and forms efficient scattering structure, and the transmittance is reduced to below 20%, which can realize passive cooling effect above 6℃.

The application discloses a solar transmittance temperature self-adjusting radiative cooling bacterial cellulose liquid crystal composite film and a preparation method thereof. The composite film is prepared by immersing silanized bacterial cellulose film in a prepared liquid crystal mixture and then performing field orientation and ultraviolet light irradiation curing. The whole preparation process comprises preparation of the silanized bacterial cellulose film, preparation of the liquid crystal mixture, surface spin coating and modification treatment of ITO glass, and preparation of the radiative cooling bacterial cellulose liquid crystal composite film. The radiative cooling bacterial cellulose liquid crystal composite film provided by the application has a transmittance that can be greatly adjusted in the solar spectrum range, has a high emissivity characteristic in the atmospheric window (8-13 mu m), is self-supporting and light in mass, has excellent radiative cooling and building energy saving performance, and has great application potential and market value.

Provided are: an intermediate film structure for a sandwich panel, said intermediate film structure having a heat-insulating effect and being capable of obtaining a sufficient contrast difference between the maximum visible light transmittance and the minimum visible light transmittance when the light transmittance is controlled; and a sandwich panel structure. An intermediate film structure (1) for a sandwich panel, which is used by being disposed between two transparent panels (30, 31), is provided with thermoplastic resin sheets (20, 21), and a dimming member (10) disposed so as to be sandwiched between the thermoplastic resin sheets (20, 21). In laminated glass obtained by bonding two transparent glass plates (30, 31) via the interlayer structure (1) for laminated glass, the difference in visible light transmittance during driving and during non-driving of the dimming member (10) is 20% or more, and the total sunlight transmittance (Tts) of the dimming member (10) during driving and during non-driving is 70% or less.

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of suppressing generation of double images, and suppressing unevenness in heat shielding performance in laminated glass. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention has a region where a partial wedge angle in a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end of the interlayer film is 0.05 mrad or more, the interlayer film includes a heat shielding layer containing a heat shielding substance and having a glass transition point of 15°C or more, and when a distance between the one end and the other end or the interlayer film is referred to as X, the thickness of the interlayer film at an arbitrary position (1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) where the thickness of the interlayer film is smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at the position (1) by 25 µm or more, the solar transmittance at the position (1) of the laminated glass including the interlayer film, and the solar transmittance at the position (2) of the laminated glass including the interlayer film satisfy specific relationships.

The present invention relates to an alkali borosilicate glass, in which a content of total iron in terms of Fe2O3 is 0.03% or more in mol % in terms of oxides, a ratio of three-coordinated boron to a total amount of the three-coordinated boron and four-coordinated boron is 61% or less, the alkali borosilicate glass is substantially free of Se and CoO, when a thickness of the alkali borosilicate glass is converted into 2.0 mm, a solar transmittance Te specified in ISO-9050:2003 is 90% or less, a dominant wavelength Dw measured using a standard C light source specified in JIS Z 8701:1999 is 520 nm or more and 574 nm or less, and an excitation purity Pe measured using the standard C light source specified in JIS Z 8701:1999 is 4.0% or less.

To provide a low light transmittance gray glass formed from a composition.SOLUTION: A low light transmittance gray glass formed from a composition includes colorants. The colorants include 1.8 wt.% to 2.3 wt.% of Fe2O3, 0.28 wt.% to 1.2 wt.% of FeO, 0.030 wt.% to 0.040 wt.% of Co3O4, 0.0020 wt.% to 0.010 wt.% of Se, 0.00050 wt.% to 0.050 wt.% of CuO, and 0.01 wt.% to 1 wt.% of TiO2. The glass has a visible light transmittance (TLA) of less than 15%, a direct solar transmittance (TDS) of less than 14%, an infrared transmittance (TIR) of less than 14%, an ultraviolet transmittance (TUV) of less than 8%, and a total solar transmittance (TTS) of less than 38%.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention relates to a Low-E coated glass comprising a glass substrate (10) and, on the glass substrate, a multilayer stack of coatings arranged for solar control. The Low-E coated glass comprises a single metallic layer (40) that is absorptive in the visible radiation spectrum and located within the interior of the stack, at least one dielectric layer (20), and at least one nucleation layer (30), wherein the ratio of the thickness of the dielectric layer (20) to the thickness of the nucleation layer (30) is in the range of 0,05 to 8,5, and the solar transmittance (%g) of the double glazing according to EN 410 is in the range of 27% to 62%.

Provided in the present application are a panoramic glass and a vehicle. The panoramic glass comprises a glass substrate and a reflective layer arranged on the glass substrate; the glass substrate has a width D1 in a first direction and a length D2 in a second direction, wherein the ratio of the length D2 to the width D1, i.e., D2 / D1≥1, and the glass substrate has a light-transmitting region and a shading region located above the light-transmitting region; and the reflective layer is arranged in the shading region, and the shading region has a total solar transmittance (TTS) of ≤35%. Arranging the reflective layer on the glass substrate and arranging the reflective layer in the shading region not only ensures that the panoramic glass brings a wider field of view to a driver, but also enables the reflective layer to reflect sunlight so as to allow the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the shading region to ≤35％, thereby reducing the usage rate of a cooling device in a vehicle, and using more energy of the vehicle for driving so as to improve the mileage of the vehicle; in addition, the reflective layer can also achieve a sun protection effect, thereby preventing glare from dazzling the driver's eyes, and improving driving safety.

Gray glass having low light transmittance. The gray glass with low light transmittance formed from the composition includes a colorant. The colorant includes from 1.8 wt% to 2.3 wt% of Fe2O3, from 0.28 wt% to 1.2 wt% of FeO, from 0.030 wt% to 0.040 wt% of Co3O4, from 0.0020 wt% to 0.010 wt% of Se, from 0.00050 wt% to 0.050 wt% of CuO, and from 0.01 wt% to 1 wt% of TiO2. The glass has a visible light transmission (TLA) of less than 15%, a direct solar transmission (TDS) of less than 14%, an infrared radiation transmission (TIR) of less than 14%, an ultraviolet light transmission (TUV) of less than 8%, and a total solar transmission (TTS) of less than 38%.

A solar and thermal regulating window structure including: an optically-transparent housing frame; a reversible liquid absorbent material layer positioned in the housing frame; a thermally-reflective layer having high solar transmittance and high thermal reflectance positioned over the liquid absorbent material layer; a liquid, being absorbed in the liquid absorbent material layer below a selected transition temperature, and being positioned over the liquid absorbent material layer above the selected transition temperature, such that when below the selected transition temperature, the window structure facilitates indoor solar heating through solar transmittance during daytime and facilitates indoor heat insulation through thermal reflectance during daytime and nighttime, when above the selected transition temperature, the window structure facilitates indoor heat dissipation through thermal emission; and an optical film with high transmittance for both solar and thermal radiation, configured to seal the liquid absorbent material layer, liquid, and thermally-reflective layer in the housing frame. The window structure enables passive all-day thermal management in different climates.

This invention discloses a Janus-structured temperature-controlled elastic material, its preparation method, and its applications. The Janus-structured temperature-controlled elastic material has a Janus double-layer structure, comprising a first structural layer and a second structural layer stacked on top of each other. The first structural layer has adjustable solar transmittance, with visible light transmittance ranging from 3% to 95%. The second structural layer has a highly efficient photothermal absorption and conversion function, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 20% to 98%. This invention utilizes a black photothermal absorption and conversion elastomer as a substrate to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat. Furthermore, by adjusting the visible light transmittance of elastomers with different transmittance, the energy of transmitted visible light is controlled, thereby precisely controlling the photothermal conversion efficiency and achieving temperature regulation. It also has significant application potential in multiple fields such as passive solar heating, passive cooling, and infrared anti-counterfeiting.

Provided is a laminated glass interlayer capable of enhancing heat shielding properties and weather resistance, and also capable of reducing the color coordinate b* in laminated glass.　A laminated glass interlayer according to the present invention contains heat-shielding particles and an ultraviolet absorber, wherein: the content of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.650-2.60 wt% in 100 wt% of the interlayer; and when laminated glass X is obtained by arranging the interlayer between two sheets of clear glass conforming to JIS R3202:1996, the interlayer has a region R in which the solar transmittance Ts2100 of the laminated glass X is 62.5% or less and the color coordinate b* in the L*a*b* color system of the laminated glass X is 2.0 or less.

The present application discloses an inorganic radiation cooling coating for photovoltaic panels and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energy conservation, environmental protection and new material technology. The upper surface of the photovoltaic panel is photovoltaic glass; the inorganic radiation cooling coating for the photovoltaic panel includes a ceramic particle layer; the ceramic particle layer includes inorganic nano-ceramic particles of at least two sizes; the inorganic nano-ceramic particles of at least two sizes are randomly stacked and fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic glass on the side away from the photovoltaic panel. The inorganic radiation cooling coating provided by the present application is thin in thickness and transparent in color. When applied to a photovoltaic glass panel, it can increase the emissivity of the atmospheric window (8‑13µm) on its surface by about 10%, thereby increasing the radiation cooling power of the photovoltaic panel and reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel; and the coating can increase the solar transmittance by about 5%, so that the photovoltaic cell receives more light, further improving the photoelectric conversion rate.

This invention discloses a high light transmittance photovoltaic floating body, comprising a floating body body and a light guide plate. The floating body body has an inverted frustum-shaped structure or a hollow structure. When the floating body body has an inverted frustum-shaped structure, an outer light guide plate is used, which completely covers the outer wall of the floating body body. When the floating body body has a hollow structure, the diameter of the vertically penetrating opening of the floating body body gradually increases from top to bottom, and an inner light guide plate is used, which completely covers the inner wall of the opening of the floating body body. This invention uses a vertically mounted light guide plate to achieve optical reflection, thereby collecting direct and diffused solar light and guiding it to the water body below the photovoltaic floating body, increasing the solar transmittance of the water body below, and ensuring the ecosystem and ecological balance of the water body itself.

Provided are: an interlayer film structure for a laminated panel capable of obtaining a sufficient contrast difference between the maximum visible light transmittance and the minimum visible light transmittance upon control of the light transmittance while having the effect of shielding heat, and a laminated panel structure. The interlayer film structure for a laminated panel of the invention is an interlayer film structure 1 to be used with being sandwiched between two transparent panels 30 and 31, including thermoplastic resin sheets 20 and 21 and a light control component 10 that is disposed with being sandwiched inbetween the thermoplastic resin sheets 20 and 21, in laminated glass fabricated by bonding the two clear glass plates 30 and 31 via the interlayer film structure for laminated glass, a difference in visible light transmittance between upon driving of the light control component and upon non-driving thereof being 20% or more, and either upon driving of the light control component or upon non-driving thereof, a total solar transmittance (Tts) being 70% or less.

The invention belongs to the field of nano composite materials, and particularly discloses a nano vanadium dioxide composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The nano vanadium dioxide composite material is characterized in that nano VO2 particles are modified through a CuS-modified TiO2 material, the CuS-modified TiO2 material accounts for 20%-80% of the mass of the whole nano vanadium dioxide composite material, and the CuS-modified TiO2 material accounts for 20%-30% of the mass of the whole nano vanadium dioxide composite material. The CuS modified TiO2 material is used for reducing the phase transition temperature of VO2 and keeping the sunlight transmittance to reach 10.3%-16.4% at the same time. Copper chloride dihydrate is adopted as a copper source, an ammonium sulfide solution is adopted as a sulfur source, CuS is deposited on the surface of nano TiO2 through a chemical deposition method under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and then the nano VO2 composite powder is prepared through mechanical compounding. The nano vanadium dioxide composite material disclosed by the invention has relatively low phase change temperature, relatively good sunlight modulation capability and relatively stable structure and performance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of thin film materials, and particularly relates to an intelligent ETFE greenhouse film and a preparation method thereof. The intelligent ETFE greenhouse film is composed of an ETFE matrix film layer and a composite coating, and the thickness ratio of the ETFE matrix film layer to the composite coating is 3: 1; the ETFE matrix film layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60 to 70 parts of ETFE, 8 to 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol modified tungsten-doped VO < 2 > and 3 to 5 parts of a silane coupling agent KH-550; the composite coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40 to 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 to 10 parts of isocyanate esterified TiO2, 1 to 3 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5 to 1 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1 to 3 parts of antioxidant and 0.5 to 1 part of light stabilizer. The film material can automatically adjust the solar energy transmissivity according to the environment temperature, continuously keeps a good light transmission effect, and has a lasting self-cleaning effect and excellent durability.

The present invention relates to a glass composition, and a method for producing same, where the glass is a soda-lime-silica glass, and comprises, in weight percentage: from 1.30 to 2.50% of total iron expressed as Fe2O3; from 15 to 40% of Fe2+ (Ferrous) and from 0.15 to 0.65% of FeO, expressed as Fe2O3; from about 0.05 to about 0.30% of SO3; from about 0.02 to about 1.0% of TiO2; from about 0.0002 to about 0.03% of Cr2O3; and from about 0.0002 to about 0.015% of CuO. The glass having an illuminant “A” light transmission (TLA) greater than 70%, a direct solar transmittance (TDS) of less than 51%, a total UV light transmittance (TUV) of less than 40% and a total solar transmittance (TTS) of less than 63%; a dominant wavelength (λ) from 490 nm to 600; and excitation purity less than 7, for thickness from about 0.7 to 3.0 mm.