The preparation method of submicron high-purity transparent alumina ceramic material includes the following steps: using static pressure process of dry-pressing and cooling, etc. to mould alpha-Al2O3 powder; then pressure-less presintering these blank bodies, its pressure-less presintering temp. is 1200-1350 deg.C, and time is 30-480 min.; placing these presintered blank bodies into thermal isostatic pressing furnace to make after-treatment, its treatment temp. is 1150-1350 deg.C, pressure is 140-190 Mpa, heat-insulating and pressure-retaining time is 30-60 min.; using Ar gas as protective gas, the relative density of obtained ceramic body is greater than 99.9%, finally grinding surface of sintered ceramic body and polishing. Its grain size is less than 1 micro, it possesses high transparence and mechanical properties, can be suitable for making high-voltage sodium lamp tube, high-temp. furnace window and decorative material.