The invention discloses a traction instrument for orthopedic surgery and an operation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments.The traction instrument comprises a U-shaped mounting frame, a vertical guide rod is mounted at the top of the U-shaped mounting frame, the vertical guide rod is slidably sleeved with a vertical sliding sleeve, a fastening unit is mounted on the vertical sliding sleeve, and the fastening unit is connected with the U-shaped mounting frame. And the side part of the vertical sliding sleeve is provided with a fixed sleeve through a distance adjusting unit. The traction device is reasonable in structure, when the adjusting knob is rotated, the two traction pieces can be driven to move face to face or back to back, the purpose of conducting traction on skin and flesh at an incision of a patient is achieved, through arrangement of the traction locking assembly, the positive and negative tooth lead screw can be fixed or loosened, and it is effectively avoided that in the operation process, the skin and flesh are damaged. The traction device is simple to operate and convenient to use, the number of required medical staff is reduced, the activity range of attending doctors is widened, and the operation can be carried out smoothly.