The invention discloses a drilling cuttings amount testing device based on a pressure sensor. The device comprises a hollow drill rod, a drill bit, spiral plates, a slide rheostat, a data converter and a display, the spiral plates are correspondingly arranged on the front sides of the front ends of spiral blades in parallel, a plurality of springs are arranged between the rear side faces of the spiral plates and the spiral blades, and L-shaped connecting rods are fixedly connected to the rear side faces of the spiral blades. The slide rheostat is arranged in the hollow drill rod and positionedon the rear side of the L-shaped connecting rod. One end, inside the hollow drill rod, of each L-shaped connecting rod is connected with a sliding piece of the slide rheostat through a driving rod, abinding post of the sliding rheostat is connected with the data converter through an electric wire, the data converter is connected with the display through a control line, and a power switch and a node button are arranged on the display. The invention further discloses a testing method of the drilling cutting amount testing device based on the pressure sensor. The device is scientific in principle, simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in safety and reliability, capable of conducting testing in real time and high in testing data accuracy.