The invention discloses a multi-component simulative engine applied to vacuum plume effect experimental research and an ignition scheme thereof. The multi-component simulative engine comprises a pre-combustion chamber head part, a pre-combustion oxygen supplementation chamber, a thrust chamber head part and a thrust chamber body part, wherein the pre-combustion chamber head part is tightly connected with the pre-combustion oxygen supplementation chamber, and the pre-combustion oxygen supplementation chamber, the thrust chamber head part and the thrust chamber body part are connected tightly and sequentially. The ignition scheme comprises working medium input, ignition time sequence and pre-combustion chamber capacity design. According to the invention, a propellant working medium is input through an ignition incendiary agent welding nozzle, an ignition oxidant welding nozzle and an oxygenating agent welding nozzle, and simulation of combustion products of different real engines can be realized by matching different incendiary agents, oxidants and other gases.