The invention discloses a wastewater aeration device for water supply and drainage, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The device comprises a supporting frame, a water storagetank, a treatment barrel and an aeration barrel, a moving rod is arranged on a central shaft in the aeration barrel, a gas dispersing plate is arranged at the lower end of the moving rod, a ventilation cavity is formed in the moving rod, the gas dispersing plate comprises upper and lower layer plates with a uniform dimension and fixing rings which surround the circumferences of the upper and lower layer plates, a plurality of sector gas charging cavities which surround the moving rod are formed in the part between the upper and lower layer plates by separation plates, the ventilation cavity is communicated with each gas charging cavity, and a row of air outlet holes with gradually increasing hole diameters which are distributed from the side where the moving rod is located to the side where the fixing rings are located are formed in the part, corresponding to the upper and lower layer plates, of each gas charging cavity; the top of the moving is connected with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, the upper port of the aeration barrel is sealed, and the circumference of the gas dispersing plate adhere to the inner wall of the aeration barrel. According to the device, gas supplyingis more uniform, the thoroughly mixing of gas and water can be promoted from multiple aspects to improve aeration effect, and water quality can be improved after treatment is conducted.