63results about How to "Difficult to fabricate" patented technology

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is described using a sub-wavelength grating (SWG) structure that has a very broad reflection spectrum and very high reflectivity. The grating comprises segments of high and low refractive index materials with an index differential between the high and low index materials. By way of example, a SWG reflective structure is disposed over a low index cavity region and above another reflective layer (either SWG or DBR). In one embodiment, the SWG structure is movable, such as according to MEMS techniques, in relation to the opposing reflector to provide wavelength selective tuning. The SWG-VCSEL design is scalable to form the optical cavities for a range of SWG-VCSELs at different wavelengths, and wavelength ranges.

A sub-wavelength grating structure that has a very broad reflection spectrum and very high reflectivity comprising segments made of high refractive index material disposed on a layer of low refractive index material and a low refractive index material disposed above and between the segments. The index differential between the high and low index materials determines the bandwidth and modulation depth. The larger difference in refractive indices gives rise to wider reflection bands. The reflection is sensitive to parameters such as the grating period, the grating thickness, the duty cycle of the grating, the refractive index and the thickness of the low index layer underneath the grating. The design is scalable for different wavelengths, and facilitates monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices at a wide range of wavelengths from visible to far infrared. The sub-wavelength grating reflectors may be used in a variety of settings such as tunable etalon filters and as a replacement for conventional distributed Bragg reflectors.

A ring binder mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages comprises an elongate housing that supports two hinge plates for loose pivoting motion. Ring members attach to the hinge plates and move with the pivoting motion of the hinge plates between a closed position and an open position. Levers are pivotally attached to longitudinal ends of the housing for pivoting the hinge plates to move the ring members. The hinge plates define an opening therein, generally adjacent to one of the levers, for receiving a fastener through the hinge plates to attach the mechanism to a cover. Reinforcing structure is provided around the opening for rigidifying the hinge plates in that area and for preventing the hinge plates from bending or deforming near the opening during operation.

A method of fabricating a mold and a method of fabricating an article with the mold is disclosed that is capable of fabricating a high three-dimensional surface structure and extending the service life of the mold. A mold having a fine surface shape of a height less than an object height is fabricated, then the fine surface shape of the mold is transferred to an intermediate mold by dry-etching, and then the fine surface shape of the intermediate mold is further transferred to a final article material by dry-etching. In each transfer step by dry-etching, the etching selection ratio is appropriately adjusted to increase the height of the fine surface structure step by step, so that the fine surface shape of the final article material has the object height. On the surface of the final article material, a preliminary pattern of the object surface shape may be formed beforehand to reduce the required thickness of the curable resin.

A dual channel snorkel promotes cleaner air by substantially separating fresh air from used air. An upper valve comprises a pair of flexible material flaps which nominally permit flow only in opposite directions through the respective channels. However, when necessary for purging water, a strong exhalation will open both flaps upwardly to permit removal of water from both channels. The illustrated embodiment also comprises a lower valve and a splash guard.

An easily manufactured large boom construction includes a plurality of main tube support sections fabricated from plate material of differing material thickness, grade and section dependent on load. The tube support sections include apertured areas which provide a preliminary snap-fit of the main tubes to significantly reduce need for additional fixturing. The opposite ends of diagonal tubes pass through apertures in the fabricated support sections for accurate tube location without complicated weld fixtures or precise tube length and cut end angle tolerances. The tubes are welded on opposite sides of the sections to eliminate need for tube-to-tube connections or connections wherein a cut end edge has to be precisely placed against a planar surface. An inverted right triangle boom cross section with wing over-top fold configuration ability provides strength, stiffness and infinite nozzle placement possibilities.

A none intrusive pressure sensing device that clamps on to a pressure line and detects the internal pressure of the pressure line by detecting the resultant changes in the diameter of the pressure line. The clamp is held together by a fastener having a sensing element, such as a strain gage, that is able to detect the change in length of the fastener as the pressure line and the clamp expand and contract with the internal pressure of the pressure line.

An optical fiber includes a first core with a first refractive index located in a central portion of the optical fiber; a second core with a second refractive index located in an outer periphery of the first core; a third core with a third refractive index located in an outer periphery of the second core; and a cladding with a fourth refractive index located in an outer periphery of the third core, where among the refractive indices, the first one>the third one>the fourth one>the second one. The absolute value of dispersion at the wavelength of 1550 nm is not more than 20 ps / nm / km. The effective area at the wavelength is not more than 15 μm2. The nonlinear constant n2 / Aeff at the wavelength of 1550 nm is equal to or more than 25×10−10 / W.

A heat dissipation device, comprises a base, a base element positioned within the base, and at least one heat exchange component mounted on the base. The at least one heat exchange component comprises at least one porous foam component (e.g., a metallized foam or a carbon foam), at least one fiber plate (e.g., comprising carbon fibers) and / or at least one corrugated metal element (e.g., comprising aluminum or copper). The device can further comprise at least one sliver (e.g., comprising diamond or carbon fiber). The device can further comprise at least one heat transfer piece (e.g., of diamond) positioned within the base. There is also provided a method of dissipating heat, comprising passing fluid, e.g., air, across at least one heat exchange component of such a device.

A none intrusive pressure sensing device that clamps on to a pressure line and detects the internal pressure of the pressure line by detecting the resultant changes in the diameter of the pressure line. The clamp is held together by a fastener having a sensing element, such as a strain gage, that is able to detect the change in length of the fastener as the pressure line and the clamp expand and contract with the internal pressure of the pressure line.

A mold has a molding surface for hot molding of a body to be molded. The mold includes a glass having a porosity of 0.01% or more and containing 95 mol % or more of SiO2. A molding apparatus includes the mold. A method for producing a bent glass includes a placing step and a molding step. In the placing step, a glass to be molded is placed on a mold including a glass having a porosity of 0.01% or more. In the molding step, the glass to be molded which has been placed on the mold is heated, and then, the glass is caused to be molded to follow a molding surface of the mold.

A design for a differential amplifier with a large input common mode signal range. The differential amplifier comprises two differential pairs, each having two amplifying MOSFETs. A source follower is connected to the gate terminal of each amplifying MOSFET in one of the differential pairs. A differential signal applied to the differential amplifier comprises two separate signal. Each separate signal is applied to the gate terminals of both the amplifying MOSFET in the differential pair not driven by the source follower and the driven MOSFET of the source follower. The differential amplifier further comprises a pair of switch MOSFETs connected to a current source MOSFET. The switch MOSFETs act to control the distribution of the total current flowing from the current source MOSFET and, consequently, to determine which differential pair works dominantly to amplify the input signals. Each source follower acts to offset the voltage of its input signal to compensate for the range loss due to the bias voltages and the threshold voltages within the differential amplifier.

A three-dimensional multi-pod windblown particle control device is used to control the deposition, accumulation and retention of windblown particles. The multi-pod device is formed by connecting beams to create legs which intersect one another at a crossing area. The ends of some of the legs contact the earth surface to support the device while the ends of the other legs extend in three dimensions to interact with the wind. The device may be formed by substantially identical X-shaped frame structures which intersect and connect with one another. The optimal spacing for using the devices in an array is within a range of approximately 0.5–1.5 of a transverse dimension across the surface area occupied by each particle control device.

A tamper-resistant fastener includes a non-circular drive recess optionally with a non-circular center post. Preferably the recess and center post are at least partially ellipsoidal cylinders that are concentric and aligned (i.e. they share a common major axis direction). This configuration forms a slot having preferably a substantially uniform width into which an authorized driver is inserted. The length of the major maximum dimension of the post is selected so that a circular arc tangent to the maximum radius of the post will pass closely to or intersect the minimum radial dimension of the recess.

A detent apparatus for water temperature regulation of induction faucets includes a mixer located in a faucet and a swiveling mechanism located in the mixer. The swiveling mechanism has a rotary valve and a handle located outside the mixer and the faucet. The handle is fastened to an end seat located on one end of the rotary valve through a coupling member. The detent apparatus includes a detent portion preferably formed integrally with the mixer and located on the outer surface of the mixer body in a protrusive manner. The detent portion has a top end surface spaced beneath a bucking portion of the end seat at a selected distance. When the end seat is swiveled the bucking portion hits a left bucking angle or a right bucking angle of the top end surface thereby the swiveling angle of the end seat is confined within a limited range.

A predetermined pattern of holes h penetrating along the thickness direction are formed in green sheets 11 containing a first dielectric. Successively, by laminating the green sheets 11 having a predetermined pattern of holes h formed therein, a dielectric block 13 having a predetermined pattern of openings arrayed periodically is obtained. In the openings of the dielectric block 13, a second dielectric is arrayed. Consequently, without necessitating particularly complicated steps, it is made possible to obtain a photonic crystal in which the first dielectric and the second dielectric different in relative dielectric constant from the first dielectric are periodically arrayed. By using a dielectric ceramic for each of the first and second dielectrics, a compact and high-performance photonic crystal can be obtained. Alternatively, the first and second dielectrics may be a dielectric ceramic and air, respectively.

A zoom lens including a first lens group and a second lens group arranged in sequence from a magnified side toward a reduced side is provided. The first lens group has a negative refractive power and includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens arranged in sequence from the magnified side toward the reduced side, of which the refractive powers are respectively positive, negative, negative, and positive. The second lens group has a positive refractive power and includes a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens, and an eleventh lens arranged in sequence from the magnified side toward the reduced side, of which the refractive powers are respectively positive, negative, positive, negative, positive, negative, and positive. The eighth lens, the ninth lens, and the tenth lens together form a triple cemented lens.

A light-guide module is used for guiding the incident light to a process device. The light-guide module comprises an entrance and a plurality of reflected mirrors. The entrance is provided for entering the signal light. The reflected mirrors are arranged as a predetermined light route for guiding out the signal light. One of the reflected mirrors comprises a light shielding structure for preventing the noise reflecting from the reflected mirror so as to prevent the noise light from entering the image sensing device and to prevent the image sensing device to process the noise.

A method and device are provided for concentrating and separating ionic species in solution within a fluidic device having a fluid conduit such as a channel or capillary. The concentration is achieved by balancing the electrophoretic velocity of an analyte against the bulk flow of solution in the presence of a temperature gradient. Using an appropriate buffer, the temperature gradient can generate a corresponding gradient in the electrophoretic velocity so that the electrophoretic and bulk velocities sum to zero at a unique point and the analyte will be focused at that point. The method and device may be adapted for use with a variety of analytes including fluorescent dyes, amino acids, proteins, DNA and to concentrate a dilute analyte.

The present invention relates to a display device, and particularly to a backlight for a curved-surface liquid crystal display device and a curved-surface liquid crystal display device. The backlight comprises: a backplane which matches a curved-surface LCD display screen of the curved-surface liquid crystal display device; a supporting member which comprises a plurality of stepped surfaces parallel with a base plate of the backplane; and light sources which are arranged on each of the stepped surfaces, wherein the plurality of light sources form a curved surface projecting to one direction, and the projecting direction of the curved surface is the same as that of the curved-surface LCD display screen. In the above technical solution, due to the stepped structure, the optical distribution of light sources along the curved surface is realized without bending mechanical structures and optical components of the backlight, and the fabrication difficulty of the backlight is reduced. Meanwhile, the light sources are horizontally arranged on the stepped surfaces in the same direction, so that the light sources have the same light exiting direction, enabling the backlight to provide more uniform light, which improves the display effect of the display device.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a flexible array substrate. The method includes, first, successively forming an adhesive layer, a passivation layer, a back-side drive circuit, a planarization layer, a flexible backing plate, and a front-side drive circuit and a display circuit, in a stacked arrangement, on a rigid support plate and then peeling off the rigid support plate and the adhesive layer to form a flexible array substrate having a double-sided circuit structure. The entirey process requires no steps of peeling, reversing, and then re-attaching of the flexible backing plate so that it is possible to avoid the issues of poor flatness and low yield resulting from improper or wrongful re-attachment of the flexible backing plate and thus, fabrication difficulty of a flexible array substrate having a double-sided circuit structure may be lowered down to thereby improve fabrication yield of the flexible array substrate.

A method is provided for observing mixing interactions and reactions of two materials in a fluid. The method in one form provides for concentrating by balancing electrophoretic velocities of a material against the bulk flow of fluid in the presence of a temperature gradient. Using an appropriate fluid, the temperature gradient can generate a corresponding gradient in the electrophoretic velocity of the material so that the electrophoretic and bulk velocities sum to zero at a unique position and the material will be focused at that position. A second material can then be introduced into the fluid and allowed to move through and interact with the focused band of the first material. Products of the interaction can then be detected as they are focused at a different position along the gradient. The method can be adapted to study the temperature dependence of the molecular interaction.

A disengageably coupled bicycle frame, utilizing a device for coupling a first tube and a second tube, the tubes having terminal ends and tube faces defined by their terminal ends, the device comprising a first plate member having a first plate member face and a first plate member rear and a second plate member having a second plate member face and a second plate member rear, the first plate member rear fastened by a fastening means to a face of the first tube, the second plate member rear fastened by a fastening means to a face of the second tube, and the first and second plate members fastened face to face by a fastening means, the fastening means being other than a clamp, the plate members not hingedly attached.

A method of fabricating a multilayer ceramic substrate includes stacking one or a plurality of unfired ceramic greensheets on one or both sides of a previously fired ceramic substrate, thereby forming a stack, each unfired ceramic greensheet having a firing temperature substantially equal to or lower than a firing temperature of the previously fired ceramic substrate, stacking a restricting greensheet on the unfired ceramic greensheet composing an outermost layer of the stack, the restricting greensheet having a higher firing temperature than each unfired ceramic greensheet, firing the stack at the firing temperature of the unfired ceramic green sheets with or without pressure applied via the restricting greensheet while the stack is under restriction by the restricting greensheet, thereby integrating the stack, and eliminating remainders of the restricting greensheet after the firing step.

An object of the present invention is to provide a technique that makes it difficult to fabricate an illegal duplicate of a semiconductor storage apparatus. In a memory controller, an address acquisition unit acquires a latency-related designated address. The latency-related designated address is an address in the semiconductor memory storing data to be transmitted with the minimum latency upon reception of a read command, and is identical with an address held by a host. A pre-acquisition unit reads the data for the latency-related designated address from the semiconductor memory and stores it in the buffer. A comparator compares the address included in the read command to the latency-related designated address. Depending on the result of the comparison by the comparator, a transmission control unit transmits the data stored in the buffer to the host at the time point of completion of a minimum latency.

The present invention provides a display device and a method for controlling a grating thereof, and belongs to the field of display technology, and can overcome the problem in which electrodes of the grating substrate require high fabricating accuracy and are difficult to fabricate due to the arrangement of a pixel array. The display device at least comprises a pixel array and a grating, an odd-numbered row of sub-pixels and a neighboring even-numbered row of sub-pixels are offset in a longitudinal direction by a preset length, a first substrate of the grating comprises a plurality of electrodes, each electrode comprises a plurality of segments which are continuous and are offset in a segment-wise manner by a predefined length from an end to the other end of the electrodes. Since the pixels and the grating are arranged in a corresponding manner, the electrodes of the grating substrate have an increased width, requirements for accuracy of the process for fabricating the electrodes are reduced, and the fabrication difficulty is reduced. By turning on and off the grating, a switch of the display device between 2D and 3D display can be realized. (FIG. 3)