The invention provides a kneading device of a straw kneading machine. The kneading device comprises a bottom plate, a first bracket device, a first air cylinder device, a second air cylinder device, a material collection box, a feeding device, a second bracket device, a third air cylinder device and a crushing device, wherein the bottom plate is provide with a first fixed block; the first bracket device is provided with a first bracket, a second bracket, a first inclined rod and a second inclined rod; the first air cylinder device is provided with a first air cylinder, a first pushing rod, a first pushing plate and a first slide plate; the second air cylinder device is provided with a second air cylinder, a second pushing rod, a third bracket and the like; the feeding device is provided with a feeding hopper, a material collection hopper, a material distribution block, a fixed plate and the like; the second bracket device is provided with a first fixed plate, a second fixed frame, a third inclined rod and the like; the third air cylinder device is provided with a fourth air cylinder, a fourth pushing rod, a sixth bracket and the like; the crushing device is provided with a crushing frame, a rotary wheel, crushing teeth and the like. The kneading device can be used for efficiently kneading straws and crushing the kneaded straws, so that the straws are more fine and smooth.