The invention relates to a concurrent data caching method and structure. The concurrent data caching method includes the following steps: a step A, writing in each group of data, A1, monitoring if writing locking state cache partitions exist or not, and executing a step A2-2 if so; A2 monitoring if idle state cache partitions exist or not if not, A21, A21-1 selecting a group of idle state cache partitions and setting the idle state cache partitions to be a writing locking state if so; A21-2, writing data in cache partitions; A21-3, determining if the data is written successfully or not, and completing writing of the group of data if so; setting the cache partitions to be a filled state if not, and executing the step A1; A22, ending data writing if the idle state cache partitions do not exists; a step B, reading the data, B1, monitoring if filled state cache partitions exist or not in real time, and B11, selecting the group of cache partitions and setting the group of cache partitions to be a reading locking state if so; B12, reading cache data in the cache partitions, setting the cache partitions to be an idle state when reading is finished in the cache partitions, and executing the B1; and executing the step B1 and continuously reading the data if the reading is not finished in the cache partitions. Strict reading, writing and locking is performed on the cache partitions, and then the speed of data processing can be effectively optimized.