The invention relates to a control system for a bridge cable detection robot, which includes a host computer, a motion control unit and a wireless communication unit. The motion control unit includes a main controller, a driver, a position and speed control module, and a sensor detection module. The unit sends the control signal to the main controller, the main controller is connected to the driver, the driver is connected to the robot through the position and speed control module, the sensor detection module monitors the speed, direction of travel and travel range of each wheel of the robot in real time, and detects The obtained signal is sent to the main controller, and the main controller compares this signal with the signal sent by the host computer to form a control error signal, which is fed back to the driver, and the driver adjusts the robot to form a closed-loop control of the robot. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high control precision, high work efficiency, enhanced self-adaptive ability, good stability and the like.