The invention relates to a multi-camera internal and external parameter calibration method, device and system based on a single-point calibration object. Specifically, the method is characterized in that, in any positioning space, infrared cameras are distributed according to actual requirements of the positioning space; an object wears a Tracker; LED marker points, which can be coded and can emitinfrared light, are attached on the surface of the Tracker; the system controls camera exposure and LED marker flicker synchronization through a wireless and wired communication mode; image information of the positioning space is obtained in real time through the infrared cameras; codes of the Marker points are identified according to the image information and space location information of the marker points is obtained; and space location information of the Tracker, that is, the space location information of the object, is calculated according to the space location information of the marker points, thereby realizing real-time location tracking of the object. The beneficial effects are that, through the active optical positioning technology, the method is higher in anti-interference performance than a passive optical positioning scheme and is better in robustness, and can be pushed to outdoor scenes; and in the active optical positioning scheme, working distance of cameras is large, sothat the number of the cameras to be installed per unit area is small, and cost is greatly reduced.