The invention provides an image block encryption method and system based on chaos and computer-generated holography, and solves the problem that, in the prior art, an image encryption mode cannot balance encryption security and encryption operation flexibility. The technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that: firstly, three-channel decomposition is performed on a to-be-encrypted plaintext image; three single-channel grey-scale maps are segmented into sub-images with the same size; a part of the sub-images are randomly selected, a pseudo-random sequence is generated based on a hyper-chaotic system, pixel scrambling is performed on the sub-images, and then pixel diffusion is performed, wherein scrambling and diffusion operations improve the decoding difficulty, and, in addition, a block encryption technology is used in the process, and therefore the encryption key space is larger, and the effect is better; remaining sub-images are then converted into a hologram by using a phase restoration GS algorithm in a computer-generated hologram, wherein the process of converting the remaining sub-images into the hologram is another encryption process. Thus, the operation in a computer system is easy, and the encryption operation flexibility is also improved.