The invention discloses a silicon-based tunable laser based on a mode converter and an implementation method thereof. The silicon-based tunable laser comprises a semiconductor amplifier, a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, a coupler, a TE0 mode waveguide, the mode converter, a first sampling optical grating and a second sampling optical grating, wherein the coupler, the TE0 mode waveguide, the mode converter, the first sampling optical grating and the second sampling optical grating are sequentially connected with the SOI wafer, the first sampling optical grating and the second sampling optical grating are connected at intervals, the coupler is used for transmitting an optical field output from the semiconductor amplifier to the TE0 mode waveguide to obtain a TE0 mode optical field, the mode converter is used for converting the TE0 mode optical field to a new mode optical field with effective refractive index smaller than that of a TE0 mode, and the first sampling optical grating and the second sampling optical grating are used for reflecting the new mode optical field to the semiconductor amplifier. By the silicon-based tunable laser, more precision processing means is not needed, the process cost is greatly reduced, and the process stability is higher; and meanwhile, the first sampling optical grating and the second sampling optical grating are arranged on the same waveguide, an optical divider can be omitted, and the complexity is reduced.