The invention discloses a method and a device for automatically detecting surface defects of spherules based on
machine vision. The device comprises an automatic spherule distribution device, an image
pickup device, an automatic blanking device and an automatic spherule rolling device, wherein the automatic spherule rolling device rotates automatically and circularly among the automatic spherule distribution device, the image
pickup device and the automatic blanking device through a delivery mechanism; and the delivery mechanism is connected with a PLC which is in
signal connection with a computer. The detection method comprises the following steps of: automatic classification of the sphere dimension, automatic charging and automatic array distribution of the spherules, acquisition of ever changing spherical surface images through a camera, array positioning of spherules with defects,
elimination of the spherules with the defects through an eliminator, blanking, and the like. The invention drives spheres to be subjected to automatic array distribution in batches and simultaneously be subjected to automatic multidirectional rolling, makes the spherical surfaces in the whole array capable of being imaged and recognized simultaneously, does not need to take
kerosene as a working medium, and is suitable for detecting spherules made of any material.