The invention relates to a rail belt-type conveyor with rotary wheel structures. The rail belt-type conveyor comprises a support, a headstock, a tailstock, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, the rotary wheel structures, spiral steering mechanisms, towing trolleys, a tape, a steel wire rope, a driving roller, steering racks and vertical racks, wherein the tape is arranged on support roll groups on two ends of the support for rotation in a surrounding manner; the towing trolleys are separated from the tape or are in contact with the tape on the middle part of the support through the rotary wheel structures and the spiral steering mechanisms; the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are both arranged on the support through pressing plates; the headstock is arranged on the head part of the support; the tailstock is arranged on the tail part of the support; and the steering racks and the vertical racks are arranged between the tailstock and the headstock. The rail belt-type conveyor has the advantages that the structure of the conveyor is optimized, and the use cost is lowered, so that complementary advantages are realized; the operation cost is greatly lowered; a part of ordinary support rolls are replaced by the towing trolleys, so that the cost and assembly cost are lowered; and revolutionary innovation is brought to bulk material transportation.