The invention discloses an intelligent vibration damping device based on an SMA variable-rigidity spring and a working process. The device comprises a vibration monitoring part, a working chamber temperature control part and a vibration damper main body part. The vibration monitoring part is composed of an oscilloscope, a cable and a sensor probe, the working chamber temperature control part is composed of a temperature display, a temperature regulator, a wire, a temperature sensor, a miniature refrigerator and a heater, and the vibration damper main body part is composed of an aluminum spring, a center moving shaft, a rubber gasket, a high damping tension sleeve, an NiTi-SMA spring, a movable sliding block, a hinged short bar and a metal shell. According to the intelligent vibration damping device based on the SMA variable-rigidity spring and the working process, a rigidity change rule presented by the NiTi-SMA spring which has the temperature sensitive characteristic under different temperatures is utilized, and the functions of intelligent vibration damping and vibration avoiding of a novel vibration damper are achieved; the intelligent vibration damping device has the advantages that the device is intelligent and controllable, the effect is obvious, the structure is simple, and machining is convenient; and the device is suitable for vibration damping systems of various large, medium and small scales industries and equipment for civil use.