The invention provides a combined prefabricated ballast bed suitable for shock absorption and noise reduction of a railway tunnel and belongs to the technical field of railway tunnels. The ballast bed comprises a ballast bed assembly, wherein the ballast bed assembly comprises a prefabricated shell, a damping piece, a prefabricated ballast bed plate, a sleeper, a silencing plate and a steel rail, the damping piece is arranged in the prefabricated shell, the prefabricated ballast bed plate is arranged on the side, away from the prefabricated shell, of the damping piece, the sleeper is fixedly connected to the side, away from the damping piece, of the prefabricated ballast bed plate, and the silencing plate is fixedly connected to the side, close to the sleeper, of the prefabricated ballast bed plate; the silencing plate is provided with concave convex corrugations, and the steel rail conflicts with the silencing plate and can be fixedly connected to the sleeper, a damping piece comprises a vibration isolator and an elastic piece, the vibration isolator is fixedly connected to the prefabricated shell, one end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected to the vibration isolator, and the other end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected to the prefabricated ballast bed plate. The prefabricated ballast bed not only can have better shock absorption performance, but also has a better noise reduction effect.