The invention discloses an industrial thermo-operated monosaccharide and alcohol ester hydrolysis technology system for plant straw. The system is mainly composed of a straw cutting machine, a wind power dust collector, a steam explosion device, an intermediate-temperature hydrolyzer, a hot water catalyst system, a first solid-liquid separator, a paper pulp preparing system, a concentrating and crystallizing system, a first lignin system, a distilling and drying system, a pentose system, a high-temperature hydrolyzer, a second solid-liquid separator, a crystallizing and separating system, a second lignin system, a cellulose system, an intermediate preheater, a critical heat source system, a critical hydrolyzer, a flashing desuperheater, a purifying and concentrating system, a hexose system, a hexosidase yeast system, a distilling rectifying system, an ethyl alcohol or grease system, a system of fertilizer fuel prepared with residues and a heat energy solvent and catalyst recovering system. In the system, a first composing raw material treatment technology, a second intermediate-temperature hydrolysis technology, a third high-temperature hydrolysis technology, a fourth critical hydrolysis technology, a fifth enzyme yeast hydrolyzing technology and a sixth energy-saving environmentally-friendly technology are involved. The system has the advantages that monosaccharide and alcoholester are prepared industrially from the straw, and in this way, straw recycling is performed easily on a large scale and with a low cost; in the straw thermo-operated hydrolysis technology, traditional acid-bases and the pollution and a low effect during enzyme digestion are abandoned.