The invention discloses a face, fingerprint, palm print and weight composite identification access control system based on an FPGA (field-programmable gate array). The system comprises an FPGA data processing module, a face collector, a fingerprint and palm print collector, a weight collector, a data access module, a display module, an access control controller, an access control lock, a loudspeaker, network protocol firmware and an access control management terminal, wherein the three collectors transmit data information collected by the three collectors respectively to the FPGA data processing module, and then the data information is transmitted to the data access module through the FPGA data processing module to be saved or the collected information is compared with information saved in the data access module; when identities are identified to be consistent, an identification result is pass, and the access control lock is unlocked through the access control controller; when identities are identified to be inconsistent, a user can request arbitration from the management terminal, and when an identification result is no-pass after arbitration, the access control lock is locked through the access control controller. With the adoption of the scheme, the system is high in safety and practicability, the updating and upgrading cost is lower, and the calculation speed is high.