The invention discloses a preparation method of a pure-phase Li2Si2O5 rodlike crystal. After LiOH.H2O is dissolved in distilled water, tetraethyl orthosilicate is dropwise added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, a mixed solution is obtained, the mixed solution is placed in a hydrothermal reaction liner to react to obtain a white precipitate, the white precipitate is subjected to suction filtration,a filter cake is obtained, the filter cake is dried again, white powder is obtained and ground, and the pure-phase Li2Si2O5 rodlike crystal is obtained after heat treatment. The method is simple to operate, low in equipment requirement, wider in parameter range, easy to control and high in yield, the price of raw materials is low, the size of the obtained rodlike crystal is adjustable, the structural strength is high, and the method is suitable for mass commercial promotion.