The invention provides an oil deposit well pattern and injection-production scheme optimum design method based on a balanced water drive idea. The method comprises the steps of 1, collecting and arranging block geological and development related data; 2, setting optimizing related parameters, and completing the well pattern and injection-production optimization preparation work; 3, adopting an oildeposit engineering method, predicting the displacement condition on each direction under current well location and injection-production parameters and performing quantitative evaluation; 4, adoptinga global random search algorithm, optimizing and generating novel well location/injection-production parameters, and predicting and evaluating the displacement condition in each injection-productiondirection under novel well location injection-production parameters; 5, arranging the optimization result, forming a well pattern injection-production design scheme, and performing on-site implementation. According to the method, the water drive development index calculation method built on the basis of the oil deposit engineering idea is combined with the optimization theory, the global random search algorithm is adopted for automatic solving, the calculation efficiency is ensured while the well pattern and injection-production scheme matched with the actual oil deposit is obtained, and the oil deposit recovery efficiency is improved.