The invention discloses a grease quantitative analysis method based on a near-infrared transmission and reflection spectrum technology, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting a pluralityof grease samples, and carrying out calibration wet chemical detection; s2, formulating a grease fatty acid reference standard of each grease index; s3, synchronously carrying out near infrared spectrum scanning on the collected grease sample; s4, through calibration software OPUS8.1, according to the wet chemical detection value calibrated by the grease sample in the S1 and the near infrared spectrum in the S3, carrying out spectrogram preprocessing; according to a spectral residual error, a Mahalanobis distance and a component density value, rejecting an abnormal spectrum and a wet chemicalvalue, establishing a grease quantitative model by applying a partial least squares method; s5, performing algorithm verification on the established quantitative model, and determining an optimal quantitative model; s6, performing blind verification on the quantitative model; s7, performing near infrared spectrum scanning on the grease sample to be detected to obtain a prediction result; and S8, analyzing the fatty acid result of the to-be-detected grease sample obtained by the quantitative model according to the grease fatty acid reference standard formulated in the S2, and identifying the adulteration condition.