An evaluation method for ultra-high cycle fatigue performance of carburized steel belongs to the field of material fatigue performance evaluation methods. The specific steps of the method include: according to the characteristic requirements of the carburized layer of the material application target, adjust the carburizing process to obtain simulated samples of the structure state of the carburized layer, the transition layer and the matrix layer respectively, and use ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment to respectively test different samples. The fatigue performance of the samples in the microstructure state is evaluated by the lifting method, and the fatigue limit S-N curve is obtained. Through comparative analysis, the minimum value of different groups of samples can be regarded as the safe fatigue limit of the carburized steel. This method adopts ultrasonic testing method for fatigue testing, which can be used for 10 7 More than once a week, such as 10 9 , 10 10 Compared with rotational bending fatigue, the fatigue performance evaluation of ultra-high cycle carburized steel can shorten the evaluation time by more than 95%. This method can be applied to different material systems such as aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, etc., and can also be used to evaluate the fatigue properties of other materials with heterogeneous microstructures.