The invention discloses a coloring liquid and a coloring method for chemically coloring a 304 stainless steel surface into black, belonging to the technical field of stainless steel surface treatment, aiming to coat a back film layer on the 304 stainless steel surface, mainly solving the problem that a colored film has poor uniformity and repeatability, and being used for improving the decorative performance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of stainless steel. The invention mainly includes the prescription of the coloring liquid and the coloring method for coloring the 304 stainless steel surface into black, wherein the coloring liquid mainly comprises main film-forming agents (chromic anhydride and chromium sulfate), an assistant filming-forming agent (sulfuric acid), additives (ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate and cerous sulfate) and water; and the coloring method mainly comprises the steps of electrolysis pretreatment, chemical coloring and hole sealing post-treatment, wherein potential control is adopted in the coloring process. A black stainless steel film obtained by using the coloring liquid and the coloring method has the advantages of uniform colored film, no obvious color difference, bright color, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, good film adhesion, simple and practical coloring method, easily controlled coloring process, good color repeatability and the like.