The invention relates to the technical field of seismic
data processing, and discloses a
signal-to-
noise ratio optimization method and
system for post-stack two-dimensional seismic data. The method comprises the following steps: performing well-to-seismic joint calibration on original two-dimensional seismic data to determine main target stratum distribution, and performing
spectral analysis to identify a
noise frequency band; based on the main target layer distribution, performing segmented Q compensation
processing on the
original data to obtain a seismic data volume after Q compensation
processing; on the basis,
spectrum shaping processing is carried out according to the identified
noise frequency band so as to suppress the noise and preliminarily improve the
signal-to-noise ratio; and finally,
diffusion filtering processing is carried out on the data volume after
spectrum shaping processing, and a final two-dimensional seismic data volume with an improved
signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. According to the method, through series application of Q compensation,
spectrum shaping and
diffusion filtering, the continuity of the event is effectively improved, the definition of fracture imaging is improved, and a more reliable data basis is provided for structural interpretation and trap evaluation.