The invention provides an in-vivo enrichment device for circulating tumor cells. The in-vivo enrichment device comprises a catheter body capable of puncturing to a central vein through a peripheral vein, a plurality of sieve holes are formed in the catheter wall of the catheter body, the catheter body is filled with trapped particles of targeting circulating tumor cells, and a blind end is arranged at the front end of the catheter body. According to the in-vivo enrichment device for the circulating tumor cells, the inside of the catheter body is filled with assembling hydrophilic medicine or trapped particles of a specific antibody, the sieve holes are formed in the pipe wall of the catheter body, CTC in blood is continuously combined on the trapped particles inside the catheter body through specific targeting accordingly, and efficient and high-quality trapping of the CTC in blood is achieved; the in-vivo enrichment device has the advantages that the enrichment device is used in vivo, efficient trapping is achieved, and clinical application is convenient; the in-vivo enrichment device can provide molecular-gene diagnosis information based on the CTC for early diagnosis, targeting therapy, recurrence and metastasis detection, treatment evaluation and the like of tumor, and has quite-broad application prospects.