283 results about "Photonic crystal waveguides" patented technology

An active photonic crystal device for controlling an optical signal is disclosed. The device includes a planar photonic crystal with a defect waveguide bounded on the top and bottom by an upper cladding region and a lower cladding region. An optical signal propagating in the defect waveguide is confined in the plane of the photonic crystal by the photonic bandgap, and in the direction normal to the photonic crystal by the upper clad region and the lower clad region. The propagation of the optical signal in the defect waveguide is controlled by varying the optical properties at least one of the upper clad region or the lower clad region. The variation of the optical properties of the controllable regions may be achieved using a thermo-optic effect, an electro-optic effect, a stress-optic effect, or a mechano-optic effect, or by moving a material into or out of the controllable region.

The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator comprising a first medium material columns in an air background, the first medium material columns are arranged in the shape of two-dimensional tetragonal lattice; the photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator also comprises a photonic crystal waveguide which includes a transverse photonic crystal waveguide and a longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide which are mutually intercrossed, a second medium material column used for guiding light and positioned at the cross connection of the transverse photonic crystal waveguideand the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide, four identical magneto-optical material columns uniformly positioned around the second medium material columns, and at least three identical third medium material columns respectively positioned outside the three magneto-optical material columns. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator provided by the invention can respectively realize single direction optical circulating transmission among three ports arranged in the shape of T and among four ports arranged in the shape of a cross. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator provided by the invention is advantageous in that it has a concise form and a compact structure, and is suitable for serving as an anti-interference component in a photonic crystal integrated optical circuit.

The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, which comprises first dielectric material columns in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material columns are arranged in the form of two-dimensional square lattice. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator also comprises a “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide, a second dielectric material column, four same magneto-optical material columns and at least three same third dielectric material columns, wherein the “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide comprises a horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and a vertical photonic crystal waveguide which are intercrossed; the second dielectric material column is arranged at a cross-connected position of the horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and the vertical photonic crystal waveguide and has the function of light guiding; the four same magneto-optical material columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric material column; and at least three same third dielectric material columns.

Systems and methods for chip-integrated label-free detection and absorption spectroscopy with high throughput, sensitivity, and specificity are disclosed. The invention comprises packaged chips for multiplexing photonic crystal waveguide and photonic crystal slot waveguide devices. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

An active device for dynamic control of the transmission properties has at least one photonic crystal waveguide that has an electrically insulating layer formed within or near the waveguide core and two lateral conductive regions divided by the insulating layer. An alternating voltage signal induces phase and amplitude changes of electromagnetic wave propagating inside the device. Electromagnetic wave signals propagating through two such active photonic crystal waveguide devices may be mixed to produce at least one output signal through interference. Devices having one or more such active photonic crystal waveguides may be utilized as a tunable optical delay line, a tunable optical filter, a switch, or a modulator. A preferred embodiment comprises a photonic crystal waveguide made of a silicon slab with a periodic array of apertures or oxide columns therein, wherein an silicon oxide layer disposed in the waveguide core separates a p-doped region from an n-doped region.

Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

The invention discloses a photonic crystal waveguide based superefficient compact T-shaped circulator. The photonic crystal waveguide based superefficient compact T-shaped circulator comprises a T-shaped photonic crystal waveguide with three end openings; a square magneto-optical dielectric rod is arranged in the center of the T-shaped photonic crystal waveguide; four square dielectric rods are arranged at four corners in the center of the crisscrossing waveguide; angles of the four square dielectric rods are cut to form into isosceles right triangles with the length of right angle sides to be identical to that of sides of background square dielectric rods to form into corner dielectric rods; the corner dielectric rods and left parts at corresponding lattice point positions of the corner dielectric rods are coincided or not; the insertion loss of the circulator is from 0.02db to 1db and the isolation of the two end openings is larger than 14db. The photonic crystal waveguide based superefficient compact T-shaped circulator has the advantages of being small in size, high in integration level, high in electromagnetic wave transmission efficiency, beneficial to integration and efficient and allowing circuiting and being widely applied to microwave, terahertz and light communication wave bands.

The invention belongs to the photoelectronic technical field, characterized in that: it adopts electron beam exposure and dry-etching process to form a photon crystal double-waveguide structure on semiconductor, where the two ends of the photon crystal waveguide are connected with light guide connection light waveguides and it removes part of the sacrificial layer by wet etching process to form a bridge support structure. By reverse coupling action of the photon crystal double waveguide, the light of evenly symmetric transmission mode cross over frequency can be reversely coupled from straight-through waveguide into coupling waveguide so as to cause the transmission spectrum of the straight-through waveguide has obvious hollows. When the detected fluid fills periodical holes of photon crystal or upper and lower spaces of the photon crystal layer, dispersion characteristic of the transmission mode in the photon crystal double waveguide is changed, or changed by external force, which can cause variation of evenly symmetric transmission mode cross over frequency so as to cause variation of transmission spectrum of the straight-through waveguide, thus implementing microflow refractivity detection and sensing of high sensitivity and integrated photon crystal structure.

An optical device that comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a high-Q resonant or photonic structure that generate slow light connected to the input waveguide and the output waveguide, and an interface, surface or mode volume modified with at least one material formed from a single molecule, an ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures. The optical device may include more than one input waveguide, output waveguide, high-Q resonant or photonic structure and interface, surface or mode volume. The high-Q resonant or photonic structure may comprise at least one selected from the group of: microspherical cavities, microtoroidal cavities, microring-cavities, photonic crystal defect cavities, fabry-perot cavities, photonic crystal waveguides. The ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures comprises at least one selected from the group of: organic or biological monolayers, biological complexes, cell membranes, bacterial membranes, virus assemblies, nanowire or nanotube assemblies, quantum-dot assemblies, one or more assemblies containing one or more rhodopsins, green fluorescence proteins, diarylethers, lipid bilayers, chloroplasts or components, mitochondria or components, cellular or bacterial organelles or components, bacterial S-layers, photochromic molecules. Further, the molecular aggregate may exhibit a photoinduced response.

The present invention is a method and an apparatus for thermo-optic control of optical signals using photonic crystal structures. In one embodiment, a first portion of a split signal is modulated by propagating the signal through a photonic crystal waveguide in which two electrical contacts are laterally spaced from the waveguide region by a plurality of apertures formed through the photonic crystal substrate. A voltage applied across the electrical contacts causes resistive heating of the proximate photonic crystal waveguide through which the signal propagates, thereby modulating the temperature relative to an un-modulated second portion of the split signal that is used as a reference.

The invention relates to a quantum cascade laser with a photonic quasi crystal waveguide, comprising a substrate, a lower waveguide layer, a quantum cascade active area structure, an upper waveguide layer, an upper cladding, an upper covering layer, a high-doping ohmic contact layer, a photonic quasi crystal structure array, an electric insulation layer, a front electrode and a back electrode, wherein the lower waveguide layer is grown on the substrate, the middle of the lower waveguide layer is provided with a boss, and a ridge-shaped double-groove table-board structure is formed at both sides of the boss; the quantum cascade active area structure is grown on the boss of the lower waveguide layer; the upper waveguide layer is grown on the quantum cascade active area structure; the upper cladding is grown on the upper waveguide layer; the upper covering layer is grown on the upper cladding; the high-doping ohmic contact layer is grown on the upper covering layer; the photonic quasi crystal structure array is manufactured at both sides of the upper covering layer and the high-doping ohmic contact layer, the middle width is 2-10 mu m, and the widths of the photonic quasi crystal structure array at both sides are the same and are respectively 5-24 mu m; the electric insulation layer is deposited on the ohmic contact layer and covers the upper surface and the side wall of the whole ridge-shaped table-board, and the central part of the ridge-shaped table-board, covered with the insulation layer, is reserved with an electric injection window; the front electrode is manufactured on the insulation layer; and the back electrode is grown on the back of the substrate.

The present invention provides an optical apparatus having a multimode interference coupler configured to optically couple a strip waveguide to a slot photonic crystal waveguide. The multimode interference coupler has a coupling efficiency to the slot photonic crystal waveguide greater than or equal to 90%, a width that is approximately equal to a defect width of the slot photonic crystal waveguide, a length that is equal to or less than 1.5 μm, and interfaces with the slot photonic crystal waveguide at an edge of a period that gives a termination parameter of approximately zero. The optical apparatus may also include an insulation gap disposed between the multimode interference coupler and the slot photonic crystal waveguide, wherein the length of the multimode interference coupler is reduced by approximately one half of a width of the insulation gap.

A displacement sensor comprising at least one pair of co-planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) sections aligned along or parallel to a common axis and separated by a gap, one PCWG section of a pair operative to perform a displacement relative to the other section of the pair. In some embodiments, the sensor is linear, comprising two PCWG sections sperated by a gap that forms a cross PCWG, the displacement sensing performed preferrably differentially between two edges of the cross PCWG. In other embodiments, the sensor includes Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurations with gaps between fixed and moving PCWG sections. Displacement induced changes in the gap widths are reflected in changes in an output parameter of the MZI.

The present invention provides a technique of reducing an incident/outgoing loss of a photonic crystal. On each of incident/outgoing sides of a photonic crystal, an antireflection layer made of a photonic crystal is disposed. At the incident side of a photonic crystal 200 having an effective refractive index n₂, a photonic crystal 100 having an effective refractive index n₁ satisfying the relation of n₁<n₂ is disposed, and the thickness of the photonic crystal 100 is controlled so that reflection components from interfaces 210 and 110 cancel each other out by interference, thereby reducing a total reflection loss on the incident side. The outgoing side is similarly constructed.

The invention provides a single-mode large-power THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) and a manufacturing technology thereof. The single-mode large-power THz QCL comprises a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide located on a center and a first order grating waveguide distributed around the two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. By using the single-mode large-power THz QCL of the invention, output power of the THz laser of the center area waveguide can be substantially increased; a single-mode narrow line width of the THz laser can be guaranteed; a working mode set by the laser is only fed back; a lateral high-order mode can be inhibited; a quality factor of a photonic crystal resonator can be increased simultaneously.

In general, in one aspect, the invention features systems, including a photonic crystal fiber including a core extending along a waveguide axis and a dielectric confinement region surrounding the core, the dielectric confinement region being configured to guide radiation along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the photonic crystal fiber. The systems also includes a handpiece attached to the photonic crystal fiber, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient.