37 results about "Small specimen" patented technology

The present invention provides a microtesting rig for measuring mechanical properties of small specimens. The rig includes a microsized specimen positioned on a mounting block, an interchangeable contact tip connected with an actuator and configured for contact with the microsized specimen, and a magnifying imaging system for imaging the microsized specimen. The contact tip may be a fiber platen for compression testing or a fiber grip for tension testing.

A hot plate method and apparatus for the measurement of thermal conductivity combines the following capabilities: 1) measurements of very small specimens; 2) measurements of specimens with thermal conductivity on the same order of that as air; and, 3) the ability to use air as a reference material. Care is taken to ensure that the heat flow through the test specimen is essentially one-dimensional. No attempt is made to use heated guards to minimize the flow of heat from the hot plate to the surroundings. Results indicate that since large correction factors must be applied to account for guard imperfections when specimen dimensions are small, simply measuring and correcting for heat from the heater disc that does not flow into the specimen is preferable. The invention is a hot plate method capable of using air as a standard reference material for the steady-state measurement of the thermal conductivity of very small test samples having thermal conductivity on the order of air.

A method and apparatus for the measurement of thermal conductivity combines the following capabilities: 1) measurements of very small specimens; 2) measurements of specimens with thermal conductivity on the same order of that as air; and, 3) the ability to use air as a reference material. Care is taken to ensure that the heat flow through the test specimen is essentially one-dimensional. No attempt is made to use heated guards to minimize the flow of heat from the hot plate to the surroundings. Results indicate that since large correction factors must be applied to account for guard imperfections when specimen dimensions are small, simply measuring and correcting for heat from the heater disc that does not flow into the specimen is preferable.

The invention discloses a method for acquiring a uniaxial stress-strain relation of materials by disc specimen compression. The method includes processing a compression fixture by cemented carbide, compressing a disc specimen moderate in thickness to acquire a continuous load-displacement curve of a disc specimen, fitting a load-displacement curve (nonlinear segment) by a power law, and computing by putting fitted feature load and a displacement index into a formula (2) so as to acquire the uniaxial stress-strain relation. The method is applicable to ductile and power-law isotropic hardening materials and is capable of acquiring the stress-strain relation curves of multiple types of ductile materials, the specimen size can be designed according to actual conditions of testing materials, specimens can be minimized to millimeter size and micron size flexibly and conveniently, the shortcomings that traditional uniaxial tensile tests are limited by material size greatly and the like are overcome, and the high-temperature uniaxial stress-strain relation curves of the materials can be tested. The method has the great advantage on testing of constitutive relations of small specimens such as precious metals, light materials and existing structural member minimal-invasion discs.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing specimens used in testing mechanical properties of thin-walled and small-diameter petroleum and natural gas pipelines, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting specimens having width of W mm and thickness of B mm from the circumferential direction of thin-walled and small-diameter petroleum and natural gas pipelines to be tested; and (2) carrying out laser welding on two lengthening blocks on both sides of specimens to obtain test specimens, wherein the width of the lengthening block is L, the thickness of the lengthening block is larger than or equal to B, the sum of L, W and L is greater than or equal to the minimum length of the test specimens required for testing the tensile, impact, CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) fracture toughness or crack propagation rate. Mechanical properties data, which are uneasily acquired by conventional methods, can be measured by virtue of the method disclosed by the invention and have an important practical significance on improvement of the safety evaluation of petroleum and natural gas pipelines. The laser penetration fusion welding technology is applied in preparation of small specimens to effectively increase the utilization rate of specimens, thereby saving materials, saving energy and reducing consumption. The method disclosed by the invention has a nature of green manufacture.

The invention relates to a method for determining the creep parameter of a material by a fixed straight bar small specimen creep test. The method comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring a fixed straight bar small specimen creep displacement time curve of the material; (2) determining critical displacements of small and large deformation of a specimen; (3) dividing deformation stages on the creep displacement time curve to determine the deformation stage of steady-state creep; (4) when the steady-state creep appears in a small deformation stage, analyzing a creep displacement curve of thesmall deformation stage according to a beam bending theory to obtain the creep deformation parameter of the material; (5) when the steady-state creep appears in a large deformation stage, analyzing acreep displacement curve in the large deformation stage according to a global deformation theory to obtain the creep deformation parameter of the material. By analyzing the fixed straight bar small specimen creep displacement time curve in stages, the true creep parameter of the material can be obtained more accurately.

The invention relates to a specimen extraction bag for laparoscope operation. According to the specimen extraction bag, the laparoscope operation is performed by extending an apparatus into an abdominal cavity by a cannula arranged on an abdominal wall, and small-sized specimens such as excised appendix, biopsy specimens and the like are generally extracted from a small incision for placing a cannula with the diameter of 10 millimeters; and when extracted, the specimens are put into a specimen bag to prevent the specimens from dropping or polluting the small incision on the abdominal wall. After the ordinary specimen bag which is used at present is put into the abdominal cavity and is loaded with the small specimens, and the cannula or an observation hole is needed to be replaced, or an apparatus for clamping the specimen bag is aligned with the adjacent cannula when the small specimens are extracted, so that the laparoscope operation is complicatedly and difficultly operated, and the specimens are easy to drop or organs are easy to injure; therefore, a special specimen extraction bag is designed for the laparoscope operation. After the specimen extraction bag for the laparoscope operation is put into the abdominal cavity by the cannula with the diameter of 10 millimeters, other apparatuses are not influenced to be put by the cannula, so the cannula or the observation hole is not needed to be replaced, and the operation process of extracting the specimens can be simplified.

The invention relates to equipment for making biological tissue specimen paraffin sections, in particular to a rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine. The rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine comprises a machine box body and an intelligent operating table. A specimen treating box, a paraffin box, a vacuum pump, a plurality of reagent barrels and an ultrasonic generator are arranged in the machine box body, a microwave cavity is formed in the specimen treating box, a microwave source is connected to the microwave cavity, and the specimen treating box is connected with the paraffin box, the reagent barrels and the vacuum pump through pipeline assemblies. The rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine integrates microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment and vacuum treatment and cooperates with special reagents, traditional tissue treating time can be shortened to 20 min-3 h from 16 h-22 h, the procedures of immobilizing, dehydrating, transparentizing, wax impregnating, section making and diagnosing can be completed within 2 h after a small specimen is delivered, pathological diagnosis can be made within 32 h after a radical cure specimen is delivered, time of waiting for disease diagnosis is shortened for patients, anxiety is relieved, and especially time is saved for patients needing to receive special treatment such as surgery or targeted therapy; the length of stay is reduced for patients, and hospitalization expenses are reduced; meanwhile, the economic benefits of hospitals are increased.

A method for liquid hydrogenation refinement of solidification structure in the process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy induction skull melting relates to a liquid hydrogenation technology in the process of titanium alloy induction skull melting. The method solves the problem of slow speed of hydrogen permeation under titanium alloy atmosphere which is only applicable to the preparation of small specimen or thin specimen, but not to wide production. The detailed procedures of the method are as follows: the charging material of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is put into the crucible of an induction skull melter, heated and melted under the environment of high-purity argon and 400-700Pa pressure; pre-coated bars with the TiH2 of the weight accounting for 0.09 to 0.2 percent of the charging material are added in; when the hydrogen-contained titanium alloy in the crucible cools and the temperature drops below 300 DEG C, the charging material is vented off and cooled until the temperature equal to room temperature. The size of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy crystallization grain after the treatment of liquid hydrogenation with the method is smaller than 800 Mu m. The method is widely applicable in preparation of titanium alloys.

The present invention provides a microtesting rig for measuring mechanical properties of small specimens. The rig includes a microsized specimen positioned on a mounting block, an interchangeable contact tip connected with an actuator and configured for contact with the microsized specimen, and a magnifying imaging system for imaging the microsized specimen. The contact tip may be a fiber platen for compression testing or a fiber grip for tension testing.

The invention provides a device for measuring a soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil without lateral confinement conditions by using a dialysis method. The device comprises an inner steel ring, an outer steel ring, a porous stone, a semi-permeable membrane, rubber rings and a latex film, wherein the inner steel ring is connected with the outer steel ring through a bolt; the porous stone is arranged at the center of the outer steel ring; the three rubber rings are arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring for sealing; the two ends of the latex film provided with a test sample respectively penetrate through the central circular holes of the two inner steel rings and are oppositely sleeved outside the inner steel rings; the two ends of the latex film are fixed by the outer rubber ring of the inner steel rings; the semi-permeable membrane is arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring; the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring are tightly clamped by using a bolt. The device provided by the invention can be used for carrying out measurement of relationship between the moisture content and a suction force without lateral confinement conditions on a non-uniform unsaturated soil specimen with a large size by using the dialysis method, so as to overcome the defects that the existing method only can be used for measuring the smaller specimen. The device can be used for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve of the unsaturated soil and provides parameters of the unsaturated soil in related fields, such as geological engineering and geotechnical engineering.

A disposable polymer container for manipulation of small specimens adapted to optimize heat transfer between an external heating element and specimens herein contained. In particular, this invention relates to the field of containers for Assisted Reproductive Technology hereunder In-vitro fertilization (IVF).

Apparatus and methods for detecting a small number of target microorganisms found in a large volume of aqueous solution by diverting small volumes containing fluorescent microorganisms, including target microorganisms, into a smaller specimen of solution, followed by selectively staining the specimen to tag the target microorganisms and detecting the tagged target microorganisms.

A method and apparatus for quantitative measurement of gene expression through multiplex competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification are disclosed. The method and apparatus are especially useful for analysis of small specimens of cells and tissues.

The invention discloses a formula of tissue fixing liquid for coloring tissue and a usage method thereof. The invention aims at solving problems that small specimens in a process of slicing are not easy to discover and identify due to faded or shallow colors, after the small tissue specimens are prepared into wax blocks with eosin-containing tissue fixing liquid used in hospital at present. The invention discloses the reasonable formula of fixing liquid for coloring tissue and the usage method thereof, and main components comprise magenta, formalin, acetate acid gracial, alcohol, etc. The formula is suitable for pathological slide preparation of small specimens within 2mm. The fixing liquid has the characteristics of short specimen fixing time, good fixing effects, more stable coloring of tissue specimens, and the like, and specimens are easy to discover and identify.

A disposable polymer container for manipulation of small specimens adapted to optimize heat transfer between an external heating element and specimens herein contained. In particular, this invention relates to the field of containers for Assisted Reproductive Technology hereunder In-vitro fertilization (IVF).

The invention discloses an immunochromatography detection reagent strip for combined detection of toxoplasmagondii IgG antibodies and total antibodies, and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a combined detection reagent of toxoplasmagondii IgG antibodies and total antibodies. The immunochromatography detection reagent strip for combined detection of toxoplasmagondii IgG antibodies and total antibodies is characterized in that the immunochromatography detection reagent strip is provided with two reagent strip parts; each one of the two reagent strip parts comprises a carrier plate, a loading pad, a colloidal gold pad, a cellulose nitrate membrane, a contrast line and an absorption pad; and the two reagent strip parts are respectively provided with a toxoplasmagondii IgG antibody detection line and a total antibody detection line. The preparation method of the immunochromatography detection reagent strip comprises the following steps of preparing toxoplasmagondii recombinant antigens of SAG1 (P30), SAG2 (P22), ROP2 and GRA7, carrying out cellulose nitrate membrane sample application, preparing colloidal gold, labeling the prepared toxoplasmagondii recombinant antigens of SAG1 (P30), SAG2 (P22), ROP2 and GRA7 by the prepared colloidal gold, and preparing the immunochromatography detection reagent strip. The immunochromatography detection reagent strip can be utilized for detection of toxoplasmagondii IgG antibodies and total antibodies in whole blood specimens, blood serum specimens, blood plasma specimens, cerebrospinal fluid specimens and the like. The immunochromatography detection reagent strip has the advantages of very small specimen use amount, no need of special apparatuses, direct interpretation by naked eyes, simpleness, convenience, speediness, strong specificity, high sensitivity, good accuracy and reliability, low cost, and wide application.

The invention relates to a nondestructive detection method for the elastic modulus and the in plane shear modulus of a large-size wood based panel. The nondestructive detection method comprises: 1, placing a plate; 2, setting a measurement result storage directory and a file name, and inputting the basic parameters of the plate; 3, measuring the quality of the plate; 4, measuring the elastic modulus of the plate in a length direction, the elastic modulus of the plate in a width direction, and the in plane shear modulus; and 5, storing, and displaying the measurement result. According to the present invention, with the method, the main mechanical property indices such as the elastic modulus in the length direction, the elastic modulus in the width direction, the in plane shear modulus and the like can be nondestructively, quickly, conveniently and concurrently determined; and compared with the traditional detection method (small specimen bending measurement, tensile measurement, and the like), the method of the present invention has characteristics of non-destructive detection, time saving, cost saving, and convenient operation.

The invention relates to the field of molecular biology, and discloses a loading method of biopsy specimens. The loading method comprises the followings steps: preparing for a biopsy vessel, preparingfor a biopsy washing vessel, carrying out blastomere biopsy, and carrying out blastaea biopsy. Compared with the traditional biopsy method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the intermediate transferring link is saved, the transferring time of the biopsy specimens is saved, the pollution of the specimens is reduced, meanwhile, in the specimen transferring process, the visual operation is realized under an inverted microscope, and therefore, the loss probability of the specimens due to the excessively small specimens or the adhering phenomenon is reduced. The embryogenetic materials are obtained safely and effectively for detection, and thus the diagnosis accuracy and effectiveness are improved.

An improved apparatus and method for fillet punch creep testing of a small specimen comprises, in one implementation, a testing unit secured to a top end and a bottom end of a structural support unit, and configured to conduct creep testing on a specimen. The testing unit includes a loading unit, a fillet punch unit, a thermal unit, and a measuring unit. A filleted punch of the fillet punch unit transfers an applied pressure from the loading unit to the specimen clamped between an upper die and a filleted lower die of the fillet punch unit while the thermal unit surrounds the fillet punch unit, and heats the specimen during testing. The optimized filleted edges on the filleted punch and the filleted lower die eliminate stress concentration against the specimen resulting in stable measurements, and thus, reduce the dispersion of applied load during creep testing. Finally, an application of a constant load on the filleted punch prevents dispersion in the measured data being analyzed by the measuring unit, and allows creep testing to be repeated to predict a remaining life of in-service parts of a system.

A special carbasus for laparoscopic operations belongs to surgical instruments for laparoscopic operations. A carbasus is needed to perform many handlings in laparoscopic operations. However, a self-made carbasus strip currently used in clinic is inconvenient in use and has just single function. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a carbasus which is folded in a folding-fan-shaped manner with both ends folded toward inside and fixed to form compact obtuse ends, provided with a tantalum wire having length scales and cut with vertical and horizontal openings, such that the carbasus can be easily put in and taken out through a channel on the abdominal wall conveniently and have functions of measurement, X-ray development, barrier separation, transportation of small specimens and instruments, rope and separators in laparoscopic operations.

The invention relates to equipment for making biological tissue specimen paraffin sections, in particular to a rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine. The rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine comprises a machine box body and an intelligent operating table. A specimen treating box, a paraffin box, a vacuum pump, a plurality of reagent barrels and an ultrasonic generator are arranged in the machine box body, a microwave cavity is formed in the specimen treating box, a microwave source is connected to the microwave cavity, and the specimen treating box is connected with the paraffin box, the reagent barrels and the vacuum pump through pipeline assemblies. The rapid pathological tissue dehydrating machine integrates microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment and vacuum treatment and cooperates with special reagents, traditional tissue treating time can be shortened to 20 min-3 h from 16 h-22 h, the procedures of immobilizing, dehydrating, transparentizing, wax impregnating, section making and diagnosing can be completed within 2 h after a small specimen is delivered, pathological diagnosis can be made within 32 h after a radical cure specimen is delivered, time of waiting for disease diagnosis is shortened for patients, anxiety is relieved, and especially time is saved for patients needing to receive special treatment such as surgery or targeted therapy; the length of stay is reduced for patients, and hospitalization expenses are reduced; meanwhile, the economic benefits of hospitals are increased.

The invention provides a heat treatment method of high-carbon steel heavy-duty railway wheels and a small wheel specimen heat treatment method simulating same. The heat treatment process in the process of industrial production is simulated by the following heat treatment process: a small specimen which is 25mm in diameter is taken from any part of a wheel, the small specimen is heated to 860 DEG Calong with a furnace, kept at the temperature for 0.5 hour, hardened by oil and then air-cooled, and finally, the small specimen is heated to 480 DEG C again, tempered and kept at the temperature for2 hours. The internal cooling condition of rims in the process of heat treatment on industrially produced wheels is effectively simulated under laboratory conditions, and the method can help reduce the cost of development, reduce the number of industrial experiments on a new product and shorten the period of new product development.

The invention belongs to the technical field of immunohistochemistry, and in particular relates to a histological classification immunohistochemical multiple staining detection method for lung cancer. The primary antibody in the detection method is various mixed primary antibodies. In order to overcome the defects that existing lunge cancer is not easy to classify in histology, and detection based on an immunohistochemical technology consumes time and wastes labor, the staining process is simple and quick by adopting the method, so that more abundant information with strong contrast can be obtained on a same slice quickly and conveniently. According to the invention, the mixed primary antibodies and various detection amplifying systems are applied to identifying histological classification of lung cancer, so that not only can the same sensitivity and specificity of each antibody in the mixed antibodies be maintained in comparison with those in simple staining, but also the method has the advantages of less staining steps, short experimental time, high stability, intuitionistic comparison of experimental result, far great information amount than single staining and the like, especially has remarkable advantages of biopsic pathological diagnosis with small specimen amount.

A method for liquid hydrogenation refinement of solidification structure in the process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy induction skull melting relates to a liquid hydrogenation technology in the process of titanium alloy induction skull melting. The method solves the problem of slow speed of hydrogen permeation under titanium alloy atmosphere which is only applicable to the preparation of small specimen or thin specimen, but not to wide production. The detailed procedures of the method are as follows: the charging material of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is put into the crucible of an induction skull melter, heated and melted under the environment of high-purity argon and 400-700Pa pressure; pre-coated bars with the TiH2 of the weight accounting for 0.09 to 0.2 percent of the charging material are added in; when the hydrogen-contained titanium alloy in the crucible cools and the temperature drops below 300 DEG C, the charging material is vented off and cooled until the temperature equal to room temperature. The size of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy crystallization grain after the treatment of liquid hydrogenation with the method is smaller than 800 Mu m. The method is widely applicable in preparation of titanium alloys.

The invention relates to a method for measuring the residual flexural bearing capacity of wooden beams of ancient buildings, belonging to the technical field of wood science and engineering. Carry out physical and mechanical performance tests on standard small test pieces of ancient buildings, and obtain the average value of micro-drilling resistance value, stress wave propagation velocity and flexural strength of standard small test pieces, and use them as independent variables to perform regression analysis on the above bending strength , get the fitting parameter value, obtain the non-destructive testing data of the ancient building wooden beams to be tested through on-site testing, and substitute the non-destructive testing data into the regression equation to obtain the corresponding flexural strength of each interval, and then Obtain the flexural bearing capacity of the wooden beams of the whole ancient building. The method of the invention can accurately, effectively and quantitatively calculate the residual flexural bearing capacity of full-scale wooden beams of ancient buildings, and the measurement results can provide reliable data support for the formulation of wooden structure protection and repair schemes of ancient buildings.

The invention discloses a method for obtaining the uniaxial stress-strain relationship of a material by compressing a disk sample. A hard alloy processing compression fixture is used to compress a disk sample with a moderate thickness to obtain its continuous load-displacement curve, and a power law is adopted. Fit the load-displacement curve (non-linear segment), and bring the fitted characteristic load and displacement exponent into equation (2) to obtain its uniaxial stress-strain relationship. The invention is applicable to ductile and power-law isotropic strengthening materials, can obtain stress-strain relationship curves of various ductile materials, and can design sample size according to the actual situation of the test material, and the sample can be as small as millimeter and micron, flexible It is convenient and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional uniaxial tensile test, which is limited by the large size of the material, and can also be used to test the high-temperature uniaxial stress-strain relationship curve of materials. This method has great advantages for the micro-force material testing of the constitutive relationship of small samples such as precious metals, light materials, and minimally invasive discs constructed in service.

The invention provides a device and a measurement method for measuring ground stress through a single borehole. The invention can obtain accurate magnitude and direction information of the ground stress at a measuring point by constructing a single borehole. The device includes a core positioning and photographing device in a hole and a core ground reorientation device. The method is to first use the in-hole directional camera device to position and take pictures of the unbroken core in the stress zone of the original rock in the borehole, and obtain a clear image of the section feature points of the core in situ, and then use the core ground reorientation device on the ground Accurate simulation reproduces the spatial position of the borehole including parameters such as azimuth and inclination, and then restores the real spatial position of the core when it is in situ underground through graphic feature point comparison, and draws the azimuth marking line, and then presses the mark Acoustic emission small specimens are processed and manufactured in the direction of the line, and finally the corresponding Kaiser effect points are obtained by carrying out acoustic emission signal tests on rock specimens in all directions, and the real three-dimensional stress value of the underground rock mass is calculated.

The invention relates to a method for determining the creep parameter of a material by a fixed straight bar small specimen creep test. The method comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring a fixed straight bar small specimen creep displacement time curve of the material; (2) determining critical displacements of small and large deformation of a specimen; (3) dividing deformation stages on the creep displacement time curve to determine the deformation stage of steady-state creep; (4) when the steady-state creep appears in a small deformation stage, analyzing a creep displacement curve of thesmall deformation stage according to a beam bending theory to obtain the creep deformation parameter of the material; (5) when the steady-state creep appears in a large deformation stage, analyzing acreep displacement curve in the large deformation stage according to a global deformation theory to obtain the creep deformation parameter of the material. By analyzing the fixed straight bar small specimen creep displacement time curve in stages, the true creep parameter of the material can be obtained more accurately.

The invention provides a device for measuring a soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil without lateral confinement conditions by using a dialysis method. The device comprises an inner steel ring, an outer steel ring, a porous stone, a semi-permeable membrane, rubber rings and a latex film, wherein the inner steel ring is connected with the outer steel ring through a bolt; the porous stone is arranged at the center of the outer steel ring; the three rubber rings are arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring for sealing; the two ends of the latex film provided with a test sample respectively penetrate through the central circular holes of the two inner steel rings and are oppositely sleeved outside the inner steel rings; the two ends of the latex film are fixed by the outer rubber ring of the inner steel rings; the semi-permeable membrane is arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring; the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring are tightly clamped by using a bolt. The device provided by the invention can be used for carrying out measurement of relationship between the moisture content and a suction force without lateral confinement conditions on a non-uniform unsaturated soil specimen with a large size by using the dialysis method, so as to overcome the defects that the existing method only can be used for measuring the smaller specimen. The device can be used for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve of the unsaturated soil and provides parameters of the unsaturated soil in related fields, such as geological engineering and geotechnical engineering.