The invention discloses a multi-label-based lightweight rapid crowd counting method. A simple and efficient trunk feature extraction network is designed according to the size of a receptive field, anda dense context module is arranged in the trunk feature extraction network, so that information transmission of a network layer is ensured, and the network expression capability is improved; six multi-scale intermediate supervision branches are designed, so that the network can be converged more quickly and stably; an up-sampling module is designed, the resolution is improved step by step, and the quality of a density map is improved, so that accurate counting and accurate positioning are realized; three labels are designed, a crowd counting task based on density is explicitly converted intoa foreground and background segmentation task to assist a regression task of a crowd density map, prediction of the density map and the segmentation map is achieved at the same time, and estimation errors are effectively reduced. Test results of UCF _ CC _ 50, ShanghaiTeck and UCF-QNFR data sets show that the prediction performance of the method is superior to that of a current mainstream algorithm, the prediction speed reaches real time, and the method can be conveniently deployed in terminal equipment.