A device and method for optimally estimating the transmission spectrum simultaneously modulates complementary sequences employing a signal transmitter, an encoder, a transmitter having a modulator; a convolver, an antenna, a receiver having a demodulator, and a decoder having an output filter. The device uses complementary sets of sequences, simultaneously transmitted to a physical means, the sum of autocorrelations of which corresponds to a Krönecker delta, allowing the extraction in reception of the spectral and temporal features of the means minimizing the effect of the noise.