The invention discloses a solid-liquid phase change-based ocean temperature difference energy conversion process simulation test device and method. The device comprises a heat exchange unit, a hydraulic unit, a transmission unit, an electricity storage unit and a data collector; the heat exchange unit comprises a cold-heat exchanger, a constant-temperature water tank, a temperature sensor and a heat exchanger; the hydraulic unit comprises a one-way valve, an energy accumulator, a pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve, an adjustable throttle valve, a hydraulic motor, a flow sensor, a pressure regulating valve, a liquid level sensor, an oil tank and hydraulic pipes, wherein the hydraulic pipes are located among hydraulic devices; the transmission unit comprises a coupler, a speed sensor,a torque sensor, a speed reducer and a generator; the electricity storage unit comprises a rectifier bridge module, a storage battery, a current sensor and a voltage sensor. According to the device,indoor multivariable simulation testing is carried out on an ocean temperature difference energy conversion process based on a solid-liquid phase change mechanism. The device has the advantages of being accurate in measurement data, capable of continuously collecting data, high in automation degree, high in universality and the like.