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The application discloses a low-vibration active phase modulation composite pulse tube Stirling cryogenic refrigerator and belongs to the technical field of cryogenic refrigerators. The composite refrigerator cold finger integrates a first Stirling component as a high-temperature stage and a second pulse tube component as a low-temperature stage. The innovation is that the phase modulation unit of the second pulse tube component is composed of a second inertia tube wound and fixed in the inner circle of the gas reservoir, and the gas reservoir is integrally connected to the first cold end heat exchanger to improve the system efficiency through low-temperature arrangement. At the same time, the motion state of the compressor piston and the first displacer is monitored and cooperatively controlled in real time through the compressor displacement sensor and the cold finger displacement sensor, active and accurate phase modulation is realized, and the active vibration damper is used to perform reverse compensation according to the motion feedback of the first displacer to significantly offset the vibration output of the whole machine. The application realizes the unity of high efficiency, low vibration and high reliability, and is particularly suitable for vibration-sensitive space exploration and other application scenarios.