The invention provides an intelligent mining coal gangue sorting device which comprises a distributing device, a conveying belt and at least two distributing conveying belts arranged at the tail end of the conveying belt. The intelligent mining coal gangue sorting device is characterized by further comprising a control system, a dual-radiation-source dual-energy X-ray system arranged on the conveying belt, a high-precision air valve removing system, a first material conveying unit and a second material conveying unit, wherein the high-precision air valve removing system, the first material conveying unit and the second material conveying unit are arranged at the discharging end of the conveying belt, the control system comprises a first processing module connected with the dual-radiation-source dual-energy X-ray system and a control unit connected with the high-precision air valve removing system, the first processing module is used for collecting imaging information of the dual-radiation-source dual-energy X-ray system and analyzing and processing the imaging information, and the control unit can control the high-precision air valve removing system to work according to the processing result of the first processing module. According to the intelligent mining coal gangue sorting device, the raw coal is screened through a dual-energy X-ray imaging recognition method, the influence of density, thickness and other parameters on screening can be eliminated, the excellent recognition effect is achieved, and the sorting performance of the sorting device is improved.