The invention discloses a hook-headed wedge key anti-loosening device of a railway wagon and the railway wagon, and relates to the technical field of railway wagons. The hook-headed wedge key anti-loosening device is used for preventing a key connection structure of a transmission shaft and a
crank throw from loosening, and comprises a hook-headed wedge key, a lever, a mounting seat and eyelet bolt, wherein the hook-headed wedge key is matched with a key groove in the transmission shaft and a key groove in the
crank throw; one end of the lever abuts against the exposed end of the hook-headed wedge key, and a long round hole is formed in the other end of the lever; one side of the mounting seat is arranged on a web plate of the
crank throw, and one end, close to the hook-headed wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat is hinged with the middle part of the lever; and a round hole of the eyelet bolt is hinged to the end, away from the hook-headed wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat, the middle of a
threaded rod of the eyelet bolt penetrates through the long round hole of the lever, and a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut are arranged on the portions, on the two sides of the lever, of the
threaded rod of the eyelet bolt respectively. The anti-loosening device is simple in structure, labor-saving, convenient to operate, fast, time-saving, capable of meeting the requirement for fast adjustment and capable of meeting the requirements for high reliability and safety.