An integrated liquid-solid separating device for sewage treatment comprises a tank body, a water inlet, a first sedimentation tank, a first partition plate, an aerobiotic aeration filler tank, a second partition plate, an oxygen-deficit aeration filler tank, a third partition plate, a second sedimentation tank, a fourth partition plate, an oblique pipe filler sedimentation tank, a fifth partition plate, a quartz sand filter tank, a sixth partition plate, a third sedimentation tank, a water outlet and a sludge return pipe. The tank body passes through the first partition plate, the second partition plate, the third partition plate, the fourth partition plate and the fifth partition plate from left to right, the first sedimentation tank, the aerobiotic aeration filler tank, the oxygen-deficit aeration filler tank, the second sedimentation tank, the oblique pipe filler sedimentation tank, the quartz sand filter tank and the third sedimentation tank are separated by the sixth partition plate sequentially. Multiple cavities are separated out of the tank body, each cavity has an independent function effect, the outlet water heights of the cavities are different, and the liquid level heights in the cavities are ensured, so that sewage treatment can be integrally performed, the number of treatment devices is decreased, and the usage area of the devices is decreased.