The invention relates to the field of electrospinning micro-nano manufacturing, in particular to a preparation device of a multilayer microstructure fiber based on near-field electrospinning direct writing. The preparation device comprises an injection pump, an injection needle tube, an electrospinning needle head, a high-voltage power supply, a collection plate, a displacement control platform, afocusing irradiation light source, a sheath gas device and a focusing heating light source; the injection pump conveys a solution in the injection needle tube to the electrospinning needle head, thecollection plate is located below the electrospinning needle head, a displacement control platform drives the collection plate to move, the collection plate comprises photosensitive collecting units distributed in an array manner and insulating media, and the insulating media are filled into the positions between the adjacent photosensitive collecting units; and the focusing irradiation light source is focused on the photosensitive collecting units below the electrospinning needle head, and the high-voltage power supply is used for providing an electric field between electrospinning needle head and the photosensitive collecting units. According to the preparation device, point-to-point jet printing receiving is realized through the photosensitive collecting units distributed in the array manner, the jet printing precision is improved, the jet printing efficiency is improved, and rapid jet printing of complex micro-nano structures such as a single-point stacked structure and a suspendedstructure becomes possible.