The invention provides a storage object management for a cold storage plant, and the cold storage plant. The system comprises a training module based on a convolution neural network, wherein the training module is used for learning and detecting target storage objects; a recognition module based on a convolution neural network, wherein the recognition module is used for recognizing whether there are the target storage objects or not and the types of the target storage objects; a detection module based on a convolution neural network, wherein the detection module is used for the capturing detection of whether there are the target storage objects and whether the target storage objects are stored in the cold storage plant or are taken out of the cold storage plant. The system can build the convolution neural network through the training, verification and testing steps, so as to achieve the automatic learning, interaction, recognition and counting of the target storage objects in the cold storage plant, the types of the target storage objects and the changes of the number of each type of target storage objects according to a sampling video. The using mode of a conventional cold storage plant does not need to be changed. The system achieves the intelligent and automatic counting and interaction functions, is high in management precision, is accurate in statistic data, and is good in use flexibility.