The invention discloses a road rainwater pneumatic diversion treatment system. The system comprises a compressed air source, a gas delivery pipe, a diversion well arranged on a municipal rainwater pipe and a control valve; the diversion well comprises a well body structure, an inlet, a first water outlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe and a pneumatic cut-off device arranged on the second water outlet pipe, the well body structure is provided with the inlet, the first water outlet pipe and the second water outlet pipe, the pneumatic cut-off device is the second pneumatic cut-off device, the inlet is communicated with the municipal rainwater pipe on the upper stream of the diversion well, the first water outlet pipe is communicated with the municipal rainwater pipe on the lower stream of the diversion well or a natural water body, the second water outlet pipe is communicated with a municipal sewage pipe or sewage treatment facilities, and a third outlet is communicated with a first rain pipe or initial rainwater treatment facilities; the control valve comprises the second control valve which is arranged on the gas delivery pipe, and the second control valve controls charging and discharging of the second pneumatic cut-off device separately, and is used for controlling cut off and conducting of the corresponding second water outlet pipe.