43results about How to "Inhibition of energy transfer" patented technology

Optoelectronic devices and methods for their fabrication having enhanced and controllable rates of the radiative relaxation of triplet light emitters are provided exemplified by organic light emitting devices based on phosphorescent materials with enhanced emission properties. Acceleration of the radiative processes is achieved by the interaction of the light emitting species with surface plasmon resonances in the vicinity of metal surfaces. Non-radiative Förster-type processes are efficiently suppressed by introducing a transparent dielectric or molecular layer between the metal surface and the chromophore. For materials with low emission oscillator strengths (such as triplet emitters), the optimal separation distance from the metal surface is determined, thus suppressing energy transfer and achieving a significant acceleration of the emission rate.

An objective of the present invention is to provide: an organic electroluminescent element which has high efficiency and a long service life; and an electronic device and a light emitting device, each of which is provided with the organic electroluminescent element. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a light emitting material which has high efficiency and a long service life. An organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention comprises at least one organic layer that is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. This organic electroluminescent element is characterized in that: at least one organic layer contains a fluorescent compound and a host compound; the internal quantum efficiency by electrical excitation of the fluorescent compound is 50% or more; the half-value width of the emission band of an emission peak wavelength in the emission spectrum of the fluorescent compound at a room temperature is 100 nm or less; and the host compound has a structure represented by general formula (I).

A light-emitting element includes a cathode, an anode, a first light-emitting layer that is disposed between the cathode and the anode and that emits light of a first color, a second light-emitting layer that is disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the cathode and that emits light of a second color different from the first color, a third light-emitting layer that is disposed between the second light-emitting layer and the cathode and that emits light of a third color different from the first color and the second color, a first interlayer that is disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with the first and second light-emitting layers and that has a function of preventing energy transfer of an exciton between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer, and a second interlayer that is disposed between the second light-emitting layer and the third light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with the second and third light-emitting layers and that has a function of preventing energy transfer of an exciton between the second light-emitting layer and the third light-emitting layer, wherein the first interlayer has a hole-transporting property higher than that of the second interlayer, and the second interlayer has an electron-transporting property higher than that of the first interlayer.

The invention provides an organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and at least one luminescent layer between the pair of electrodes, the at least one luminescent layer including at least two phosphorescent materials, an electrically inert material, and a charge-transporting material, the at least two phosphorescent materials being selected from a blue phosphorescent material having a luminescence peak in a range of from 420 nm to less than 500 nm, a green phosphorescent material having a luminescence peak in a range of from 500 nm to less than 570 nm, or a red phosphorescent material having a luminescence peak in a range of from 570 nm to 650 nm. The invention also provides a luminescence apparatus including the above organic EL device.

A light-emitting device includes a cathode, an anode, a first light-emitting layer that is disposed between the cathode and the anode and that emits light of a first color, a second light-emitting layer that is disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the cathode and that emits light of a second color different from the first color, and an intermediate layer that is disposed between and in contact with the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer and that functions to prevent energy transfer of excitons between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. The intermediate layer contains an acene-based material and an amine-based material.

A light-emitting device includes a cathode, an anode, a first light-emitting layer that is disposed between the cathode and the anode and that emits light of a first color, a second light-emitting layer that is disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the cathode and that emits light of a second color different from the first color, and an intermediate layer that is disposed between and in contact with the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer and that functions to prevent energy transfer of excitons between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. The intermediate layer includes a first intermediate layer disposed in contact with the first light-emitting layer and mainly containing a first intermediate material and a second intermediate layer disposed in contact with the second light-emitting layer and mainly containing a second intermediate material different from the first intermediate material.

This invention relates to oligonucleotide targeting agents and their use in the treatment of diseased cells by selective photochemotherapy (PCT). PCT is a method of treating human diseases and disorders, bacteriological indications and other pathological conditions. PCT is based on the topical or systemic application of a photosensitizing agent, a precursor or pro-drug thereof, which preferentially accumulates in the target tissue. Irradiation of the photosensitizing agent located in the target tissue with electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate wavelength and the interaction of the thus excited photosensitive moiety with oxygen leads to tissue damage and destruction of the irradiated areas.

A light emitting element having a superior light emitting characteristic is provided by forming a region partly including a phosphor (light emitting region) in manufacturing of a light emitting element having an organic compound layer using a high molecular weight material. A solution in which a high polymer having a degree of polymerization of 50 or more is dissolved in a solvent is applied by a spin coating method, and then a low polymer which is composed of the same repetition units as the high polymer and has a degree of polymerization of 2 to 5 and a phosphor are coevaporated to form a light emitting region (105) and only a low polymer is vapor-deposited on the light emitting region to form an organic compound layer (103). Thus, the light emitting region (105) can be partly formed.

Optoelectronic devices and methods for their fabrication having enhanced and controllable rates of the radiative relaxation of triplet light emitters are provided exemplified by organic light emitting devices based on phosphorescent materials with enhanced emission properties. Acceleration of the radiative processes is achieved by the interaction of the light emitting species with surface plasmon resonances in the vicinity of metal surfaces. Non-radiative Förster-type processes are efficiently suppressed by introducing a transparent dielectric or molecular layer between the metal surface and the chromophore. For materials with low emission oscillator strengths (such as triplet emitters), the optimal separation distance from the metal surface is determined, thus suppressing energy transfer and achieving a significant acceleration of the emission rate.

A light-emitting device includes a cathode, an anode, a first light-emitting layer that is disposed between the cathode and the anode and that emits light of a first color, a second light-emitting layer that is disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the cathode and that emits light of a second color different from the first color, and an intermediate layer that is disposed between and in contact with the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer and that functions to prevent energy transfer of excitons between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. The intermediate layer includes a first intermediate layer disposed in contact with the first light-emitting layer and mainly containing a first intermediate material and a second intermediate layer disposed in contact with the second light-emitting layer and mainly containing a second intermediate material different from the first intermediate material.

A light emitting element having a superior light emitting characteristic is provided by forming a region partly including a phosphor (light emitting region) in manufacturing of a light emitting element having an organic compound layer using a high molecular weight material. A solution in which a high polymer having a degree of polymerization of 50 or more is dissolved in a solvent is applied by a spin coating method, and then a low polymer which is composed of the same repetition units as the high polymer and has a degree of polymerization of 2 to 5 and a phosphor are coevaporated to form a light emitting region (105) and only a low polymer is vapor-deposited on the light emitting region to form an organic compound layer (103). Thus, the light emitting region (105) can be partly formed.

An organic electroluminescent device of a composite material that includes at least two emissive polymers confined into a layered inorganic host matrix, which effectively isolates the polymer chains from their neighbors, and a method for manufacturing same. The isolation of the emitting chains inhibits energy transfer and exciton diffusion between polymer chains, such that the electrically generated excitons recombine radiatively before their energy could be funneled to the emissive moiety with the lowest band gap. The emission color of such a composite is a combination of the emission of the confined polymers, and can be either white light, or can be tuned by selection of the ratio of the mixtures to output light of any desired color. The different polymers can either be mixed and then intercalated into the host matrix, or they can each be intercalated separately into the host matrix and the resulting composites mixed.

Prepare a polymer foam having cells defined by cell walls having an average thickness and carbon nano-tubes having a length that exceeds the average thickness of the cell walls by incorporating the carbon nano-tubes into expandable polymer beads in a suspension polymerization process and then expanding the expandable polymer beads into a polymer foam.

A concrete reinforcement assembly including a first hollow metal sleeve, an anchor bar that is nested concentrically within the first hollow metal sleeve, and a second hollow metal sleeve. The first hollow metal sleeve is nested concentrically within the second hollow metal sleeve and an infill material is disposed in between the first hollow metal sleeve and the anchor bar, and in between the first hollow metal sleeve and the second hollow metal sleeve. The infill material dampens energy transfer to and from the concrete reinforcement assembly when employed for structural stability in a concrete structure. A method for repairing a damaged concrete anchor with the concrete reinforcement assembly. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to execute a method of determining a cyclic response factor of a concrete reinforcement assembly in a concrete structure.

The invention discloses an organic optoelectronic material with the indeno-phenanthroline structure and a preparing method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic optoelectronic materials. The organic optoelectronic material has the molecular structure shown in the formula I (please see the specification), wherein R1 and R2 are one of hydrogen, phenyl and dibenzofuran, R3 is one of hydrogen, phenyl, polycyclic conjugation aryl with the 10-60 carbon number and aromatic heterocyclic radical containing N, S and O atoms. As the organic optoelectronic material contains the indeno-phenanthroline structure, the larger rigid flat structure is formed, the high electron mobility and the large electron affinity are provided, and transmission of injected electrons is greatly improved.

A Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) for reducing vibration and noise radiation from rails incorporates a series of oscillation mass (8) of different sizes held in position by layers of resilient material (9) and attached to the rail via several steel mounting plates (4). Each mounting plate (4) is fixed to the rail by two magnets (5). A bolt (10) is inserted through the mounting plates (4), resilient layers (9) and oscillation masses (8) alternatively. The bolt (10) is fixed to a middle mounting plate (4) such that different compressive forces can be provided on the two sides by tightening nuts (11) to different pre-set torques. When the resonance frequency of the oscillation masses (8) is tuned to that of rail, most of the rail vibration energy at resonance frequency is transferred to the oscillation masses (8) and eventually dissipated in the resilient layers (9).

A Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) for reducing vibration and noise radiation from rails incorporates a series of oscillation mass (8) of different sizes held in position by layers of resilient material (9) and attached to the rail via several steel mounting plates (4). Each mounting plate (4) is fixed to the rail by two magnets (5). A bolt (10) is inserted through the mounting plates (4), resilient layers (9) and oscillation masses (8) alternatively. The bolt (10) is fixed to a middle mounting plate (4) such that different compressive forces can be provided on the two sides by tightening nuts (11) to different pre-set torques. When the resonance frequency of the oscillation masses (8) is tuned to that of rail, most of the rail vibration energy at resonance frequency is transferred to the oscillation masses (8) and eventually dissipated in the resilient layers (9).

The present specification provides an organic light-emitting device comprising: an anode; a cathode provided to face the anode; and organic material layers comprising an emission layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the emission layer, one or more layers from among the organic material layers disposed between the anode and the emission layer, and one or more layers from among the organic material layers disposed between the cathode and the emission layer each comprise one or more sp3-carbon-based compounds, the emission layer comprises a host including one or more anthracene-based compounds, and among organic materials included in the organic material layers, each of organic materials except for dopant compounds has a bandgap energy (Ebg) of 3 eV or more.

A novel compound is provided. The novel compound is represented by General Formula (G1).In General Formula (G1), A represents a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic ring having 10 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed heteroaromatic ring having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, and R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. Each of Y1 and Y2 independently represents a cycloalkyl group having a bridge structure and having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.

The invention relates to the field of organic small molecule light emitting diodes, and discloses a single-layer doped electron transport layer green phosphorescent device and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the high-efficiency green phosphorescent device provided by the invention, a naphthyl anthryl modified triazinyl organic small molecular electron transport material is introduced. An anthracene unit has a steric hindrance effect with naphthyl and anthryl which are respectively substituted at 9 and 10 positions of the anthracene unit, so that on one hand, formation of an amorphous state can be promoted, and on the other hand, triplet-state energy transfer between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer can be blocked. A 1, 3, 5-triazine unit with strong electricity absorption is beneficial to improving the electron injection and transmission performance.

The invention relates to solar cells. More particularly, the invention relates to arrangements and methods to increase the efficiency of solar cells.The methods and arrangements of the invention allow to increase the efficiency of solar cells (11, 12, 13, 14) by trapping photons into the photovoltaic system by thermodynamic shielding based on at least one of the following: conductive shielding, radiative shielding (20, 21, 22, 400, 410, 411) and / or convective shielding. The best mode of the invention is considered to be a tandem solar cell of Si (11) and InSb (12) enclosed in a vacuum container (200) to minimise convective heat losses. Incident sunlight is focused by a lens (320) to a diverging element (310) that disperses the sunlight into the vacuum container (200) and on to the Si (11) layer that is facing the incident side of sunlight. The vacuum container has reflective foil (400, 410, 411) on the inside to reflect retransmitted photons and thereby minimise radiative losses. InSb layer (12) is behind the Si layer (11). The semiconductors are suspended with metal wires, minimising conductive heat losses, which may include the electrical contacts to the load (500) or the DC inverter.

A dibenzoheterocyclic compound wherein band gaps of HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound are wide, light can be emitted in a deep blue light-emitting region; and the LUMO energy level of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound is low, so the LUMO energy level matches with an electron transport layer for electrons injection and transport. The dibenzoheterocyclic compound has hole transport performance, so as a light-emitting layer material, the dibenzoheterocyclic compound balances the ratio of electrons to holes in a light-emitting layer increasing the combination probability and improving the device light-emitting efficiency. The spatial configuration of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound avoids material stacking molecules, reduces annihilation of excitons, and inhibits efficiency roll-off. The dibenzoheterocyclic compound has thermal stability, so deep blue light can be emitted efficiently and stably. With an organic light-emitting diode and a deep blue light-emitting device with high light-emitting efficiency, low working voltage can be obtained.

The present invention provides a method for determining a background count rate in liquid scintillation counting. The method comprises measuring external standard spectra of a sample, determining, from the external standard spectra, a triple to double coincidence ratio and a quench parameter, determining, based on the triple to double coincidence ratio and the quench parameter, a background reference parameter, and determining, based on the background reference parameter, the background count rate from a background reference curve.

The invention relates to solar cells. More particularly, the invention relates to arrangements and methods to increase the efficiency of solar cells.The methods and arrangements of the invention allow to increase the efficiency of solar cells (11, 12, 13, 14) by trapping photons into the photovoltaic system by thermodynamic shielding based on at least one of the following: conductive shielding, radiative shielding (20, 21, 22, 400, 410, 411) and / or convective shielding.The best mode of the invention is considered to be a tandem solar cell of Si (11) and InSb (12) enclosed in a vacuum container (200) to minimise convective heat losses.Incident sunlight is focused by a lens (320) to a diverging element (310) that disperses the sunlight into the vacuum container (200) and on to the Si (11) layer that is facing the incident side of sunlight. The vacuum container has reflective foil (400, 410, 411) on the inside to reflect retransmitted photons and thereby minimise radiative losses. InSb layer (12) is behind the Si layer (11). The semiconductors are suspended with metal wires, minimising conductive heat losses, which may include the electrical contacts to the load (500) or the DC inverter.

A dryer for drying a tobacco product including a drying device structured and arranged to dry the tobacco product passing through the drying device. The dryer further including a measuring device arranged to produce a measurement signal related to an input moisture of the tobacco product before the tobacco product is supplied to the drying device. Moreover, the dryer includes a controller structured to variably control a product mass stream passing through the drying device as a function of the measurement signal. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

The invention relates to a 9,10-dihydro-acridine derivative having a structure of Formula (I). The HOMO and LUMO levels of the 9,10-dihydro-acridine derivative are distributed on different electron donating and electron withdrawing groups, such that the HOMO and LUMO levels are separated, achieving a small ΔEST. The 9,10-dihydro-acridine derivative can be used as a TADF material in an organic light-emitting device. The dihydro-acridinyl group in the electron donating group is linked to a dibenzoheterocyclic ring. Introducing modifying groups allows adjustment of triplet and singlet energy levels of the compound, enabling the TADF material to have a high luminescence efficiency in blue and deep blue regions. The invention also relates to an organic light-emitting device having at least one functional layer containing the 9,10-dihydro-acridine derivative. When the compound is used as a guest luminescent material in a light emitting layer, an OLED device of high blue light emitting efficiency is obtained.

A dibenzoheterocyclic compound wherein band gaps of HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound are wide, light can be emitted in a deep blue light-emitting region; and the LUMO energy level of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound is low, so the LUMO energy level matches with an electron transport layer for electrons injection and transport. The dibenzoheterocyclic compound has hole transport performance, so as a light-emitting layer material, the dibenzoheterocyclic compound balances the ratio of electrons to holes in a light-emitting layer increasing the combination probability and improving the device light-emitting efficiency. The spatial configuration of the dibenzoheterocyclic compound avoids material stacking molecules, reduces annihilation of excitons, and inhibits efficiency roll-off. The dibenzoheterocyclic compound has thermal stability, so deep blue light can be emitted efficiently and stably. With an organic light-emitting diode and a deep blue light-emitting device with high light-emitting efficiency, low working voltage can be obtained.