The invention discloses a distributed second-generation identity card management system based on a cloud platform. The system comprises an NFC card reading apparatus, a cloud management server, a TCP / IP communication system, a scheduling server, a database server and at least two cloud decoding servers, wherein the cloud management server and the cloud decoding server are arranged at a cloud. According to the invention, a coding and decoding module of a conventional second-generation identity card are subjected to network processing, the demands of users can be satisfied to be greatest extent, and the cost is decreased. The system has such functions as cloud card reading, cloud management, cloud decoding and the like, has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance, low cost and powerful functions, can work stably for long time, can carry out encryption and decryption processing and communication, can transfer its own work state, enables technical personnel to know the operation state of equipment without arriving in a field and enables the technical personnel to perform accurate determining and timely processing.